Explore VGGT - Human Rights

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Human Rights Land issues

VGGT Section	VGGT Paragraph	Human Right	Human rights instrument	Article
Administration of tenure 21. Resolution of disputes over tenure rights	21.3 States should strengthen and develop alternative forms of dispute resolution, especially at the local level. Where customary or other established forms of dispute settlement exist, they should provide for fair, reliable, accessible and non-discriminatory ways of promptly resolving disputes over tenure rights	Right of access to information	European Framework Convention on Minorities	11.2 & 3 2. The Parties undertake to recognise that every person belonging to a national minority has the right to display in his or her minority language signs, inscriptions and other information of a private nature visible to the public. 3. In areas traditionally inhabited by substantial numbers of persons belonging to a national minority, the Parties shall endeavour, in the framework of their legal system, including, where appropriate, agreements with other States, and taking into account their specific conditions, to display traditional local names, street names and other topographical indications intended for the public also in the minority language when there is a sufficient demand for such indications.
		Right of access to information	European Framework Convention on Minorities	Administration of tenure 21. Resolution of disputes over tenure rights	21.3 States should strengthen and develop alternative forms of dispute resolution, especially at the local level. Where customary or other established forms of dispute settlement exist, they should provide for fair, reliable, accessible and non-discriminatory ways of promptly resolving disputes over tenure rights	Right of access to information	European Framework Convention on Minorities	9 1. The Parties undertake to recognise that the right to freedom of expression of every person belonging to a national minority includes freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas in the minority language, without interference by public authorities and regardless of frontiers. The Parties shall ensure, within the framework of their legal systems, that persons belonging to a national minority are not discriminated against in their access to the media. 2. Paragraph 1 shall not prevent Parties from requiring the licensing, without discrimination and based on objective criteria, of sound radio and television broadcasting, or cinema enterprises. 3. The Parties shall not hinder the creation and the use of printed media by persons belonging to national minorities. In the legal framework of sound radio and television broadcasting, they shall ensure, as far as possible, and taking into account the provisions of paragraph 1, that persons belonging to national minorities are granted the possibility of creating and using their own media. 4. In the framework of their legal systems, the Parties shall adopt adequate measures in order to facilitate access to the media for persons belonging to national minorities and in order to promote tolerance and permit cultural pluralism.
		Administration of tenure 21. Resolution of disputes over tenure rights	21.3 States should strengthen and develop alternative forms of dispute resolution, especially at the local level. Where customary or other established forms of dispute settlement exist, they should provide for fair, reliable, accessible and non-discriminatory ways of promptly resolving disputes over tenure rights	Right to enjoy one's culture	European Framework Convention on Minorities	10,1 The Parties undertake to recognise that every person belonging to a national minority has the right to use freely and without interference his or her minority language, in private and in public, orally and in writing.
		Administration of tenure 21. Resolution of disputes over tenure rights	21.3 States should strengthen and develop alternative forms of dispute resolution, especially at the local level. Where customary or other established forms of dispute settlement exist, they should provide for fair, reliable, accessible and non-discriminatory ways of promptly resolving disputes over tenure rights			Right to enjoy one's culture	European Framework Convention on Minorities	11.2 & 3 2. The Parties undertake to recognise that every person belonging to a national minority has the right to display in his or her minority language signs, inscriptions and other information of a private nature visible to the public. 3. In areas traditionally inhabited by substantial numbers of persons belonging to a national minority, the Parties shall endeavour, in the framework of their legal system, including, where appropriate, agreements with other States, and taking into account their specific conditions, to display traditional local names, street names and other topographical indications intended for the public also in the minority language when there is a sufficient demand for such indications.
		Administration of tenure 21. Resolution of disputes over tenure rights	21.3 States should strengthen and develop alternative forms of dispute resolution, especially at the local level. Where customary or other established forms of dispute settlement exist, they should provide for fair, reliable, accessible and non-discriminatory ways of promptly resolving disputes over tenure rights			Right to enjoy one's culture	European Framework Convention on Minorities	5 1. The Parties undertake to promote the conditions necessary for persons belonging to national minorities to maintain and develop their culture, and to preserve the essential elements of their identity, namely their religion, language, traditions and cultural heritage. 2 Without prejudice to measures taken in pursuance of their general integration policy, the Parties shall refrain from policies or practices aimed at assimilation of persons belonging to national minorities against their will and shall protect these persons from any action aimed at such assimilation.
		Administration of tenure 21. Resolution of disputes over tenure rights	21.3 States should strengthen and develop alternative forms of dispute resolution, especially at the local level. Where customary or other established forms of dispute settlement exist, they should provide for fair, reliable, accessible and non-discriminatory ways of promptly resolving disputes over tenure rights	Right to equality and non-discrimination	European Framework Convention on Minorities	4,1 The Parties undertake to guarantee to persons belonging to national minorities the right of equality before the law and of equal protection of the law. In this respect, any discrimination based on belonging to a national minority shall be prohibited.
		Administration of tenure 21. Resolution of disputes over tenure rights	21.3 States should strengthen and develop alternative forms of dispute resolution, especially at the local level. Where customary or other established forms of dispute settlement exist, they should provide for fair, reliable, accessible and non-discriminatory ways of promptly resolving disputes over tenure rights	Right to equality and non-discrimination	European Framework Convention on Minorities	Right to equality and non-discrimination	European Framework Convention on Minorities	4.2 & 3 2.The Parties undertake to adopt, where necessary, adequate measures in order to promote, in all areas of economic, social, political and cultural life, full and effective equality between persons belonging to a national minority and those belonging to the majority. In this respect, they shall take due account of the specific conditions of the persons belonging to national minorities. 3 The measures adopted in accordance with paragraph 2 shall not be considered to be an act of discrimination.
		Administration of tenure 21. Resolution of disputes over tenure rights	21.3 States should strengthen and develop alternative forms of dispute resolution, especially at the local level. Where customary or other established forms of dispute settlement exist, they should provide for fair, reliable, accessible and non-discriminatory ways of promptly resolving disputes over tenure rights	Right to equality before the law and equal protection of the law	European Framework Convention on Minorities	4,1 The Parties undertake to guarantee to persons belonging to national minorities the right of equality before the law and of equal protection of the law. In this respect, any discrimination based on belonging to a national minority shall be prohibited.
		Administration of tenure 21. Resolution of disputes over tenure rights	21.3 States should strengthen and develop alternative forms of dispute resolution, especially at the local level. Where customary or other established forms of dispute settlement exist, they should provide for fair, reliable, accessible and non-discriminatory ways of promptly resolving disputes over tenure rights	Right to participation	European Framework Convention on Minorities	15 The Parties shall create the conditions necessary for the effective participation of persons belonging to national minorities in cultural, social and economic life and in public affairs, in particular those affecting them.
	Administration of tenure 21. Resolution of disputes over tenure rights	21.4 States may consider using implementing agencies to resolve disputes within their technical expertise, such as those responsible for surveying to resolve boundary disputes between individual parcels within national contexts. Decisions should be delivered in writing and based on objective reasoning, and there should be a right to appeal to the judicial authorities.	Right of access to information	European Framework Convention on Minorities	11.2 & 3 2. The Parties undertake to recognise that every person belonging to a national minority has the right to display in his or her minority language signs, inscriptions and other information of a private nature visible to the public. 3. In areas traditionally inhabited by substantial numbers of persons belonging to a national minority, the Parties shall endeavour, in the framework of their legal system, including, where appropriate, agreements with other States, and taking into account their specific conditions, to display traditional local names, street names and other topographical indications intended for the public also in the minority language when there is a sufficient demand for such indications.
	Administration of tenure 21. Resolution of disputes over tenure rights		Right of access to information	European Framework Convention on Minorities	21.4 States may consider using implementing agencies to resolve disputes within their technical expertise, such as those responsible for surveying to resolve boundary disputes between individual parcels within national contexts. Decisions should be delivered in writing and based on objective reasoning, and there should be a right to appeal to the judicial authorities.	Right of access to information	European Framework Convention on Minorities	9 1. The Parties undertake to recognise that the right to freedom of expression of every person belonging to a national minority includes freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas in the minority language, without interference by public authorities and regardless of frontiers. The Parties shall ensure, within the framework of their legal systems, that persons belonging to a national minority are not discriminated against in their access to the media. 2. Paragraph 1 shall not prevent Parties from requiring the licensing, without discrimination and based on objective criteria, of sound radio and television broadcasting, or cinema enterprises. 3. The Parties shall not hinder the creation and the use of printed media by persons belonging to national minorities. In the legal framework of sound radio and television broadcasting, they shall ensure, as far as possible, and taking into account the provisions of paragraph 1, that persons belonging to national minorities are granted the possibility of creating and using their own media. 4. In the framework of their legal systems, the Parties shall adopt adequate measures in order to facilitate access to the media for persons belonging to national minorities and in order to promote tolerance and permit cultural pluralism.
	Administration of tenure 21. Resolution of disputes over tenure rights		21.4 States may consider using implementing agencies to resolve disputes within their technical expertise, such as those responsible for surveying to resolve boundary disputes between individual parcels within national contexts. Decisions should be delivered in writing and based on objective reasoning, and there should be a right to appeal to the judicial authorities.	Right to equality before the law and equal protection of the law	European Framework Convention on Minorities	4,1 The Parties undertake to guarantee to persons belonging to national minorities the right of equality before the law and of equal protection of the law. In this respect, any discrimination based on belonging to a national minority shall be prohibited.
	Administration of tenure 21. Resolution of disputes over tenure rights	21.5 States should endeavour to prevent corruption in dispute resolution processes.	Right of access to information	European Framework Convention on Minorities	11.2 & 3 2. The Parties undertake to recognise that every person belonging to a national minority has the right to display in his or her minority language signs, inscriptions and other information of a private nature visible to the public. 3. In areas traditionally inhabited by substantial numbers of persons belonging to a national minority, the Parties shall endeavour, in the framework of their legal system, including, where appropriate, agreements with other States, and taking into account their specific conditions, to display traditional local names, street names and other topographical indications intended for the public also in the minority language when there is a sufficient demand for such indications.
	Administration of tenure 21. Resolution of disputes over tenure rights		Right of access to information	European Framework Convention on Minorities	21.5 States should endeavour to prevent corruption in dispute resolution processes.	Right of access to information	European Framework Convention on Minorities	9 1. The Parties undertake to recognise that the right to freedom of expression of every person belonging to a national minority includes freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas in the minority language, without interference by public authorities and regardless of frontiers. The Parties shall ensure, within the framework of their legal systems, that persons belonging to a national minority are not discriminated against in their access to the media. 2. Paragraph 1 shall not prevent Parties from requiring the licensing, without discrimination and based on objective criteria, of sound radio and television broadcasting, or cinema enterprises. 3. The Parties shall not hinder the creation and the use of printed media by persons belonging to national minorities. In the legal framework of sound radio and television broadcasting, they shall ensure, as far as possible, and taking into account the provisions of paragraph 1, that persons belonging to national minorities are granted the possibility of creating and using their own media. 4. In the framework of their legal systems, the Parties shall adopt adequate measures in order to facilitate access to the media for persons belonging to national minorities and in order to promote tolerance and permit cultural pluralism.
	Administration of tenure 21. Resolution of disputes over tenure rights	21.6 In providing dispute resolution mechanisms, States should strive to provide legal assistance to vulnerable and marginalized persons to ensure safe access for all to justice without discrimination. Judicial authorities and other bodies should ensure that their staff have the necessary skills and competencies to provide such services	Right to equality before the law and equal protection of the law	European Framework Convention on Minorities	4,1 The Parties undertake to guarantee to persons belonging to national minorities the right of equality before the law and of equal protection of the law. In this respect, any discrimination based on belonging to a national minority shall be prohibited.