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VGGT Section VGGT Paragraph Human Right Human rights instrument Article

General matters

3. Guiding principles of responsible tenure governance

3.1.5

States should: Prevent tenure disputes, violent conflicts and corruption. They should take active measures to prevent tenure disputes from arising and from escalating into violent conflicts. They should endeavour to prevent corruption in all forms, at all levels, and in all settings.

Right to life

ICRPD
10

States Parties reaffirm that every human being has the inherent right to life and shall take all necessary measures to ensure its effective enjoyment by persons with disabilities on an equal basis with others.

ADHR
11

Every person has an inherent right to life which shall be protected by law. No person shall be deprived of life save in accordance with law.

ECHR
2

1. Everyone’s right to life shall be protected by law. No one shall be deprived of his life intentionally save in the execution of a sentence of a court following his conviction of a crime for which this penalty is provided by law. 2. Deprivation of life shall not be regarded as inflicted in contravention of this Article when it results from the use of force which is no more than absolutely necessary: (a) in defence of any person from unlawful violence; (b) in order to effect a lawful arrest or to prevent the escape of a person lawfully detained; (c) in action lawfully taken for the purpose of quelling a riot or insurrection.

UDHR
3

Everyone has the right to life, liberty and the security of person.

ACHPR
4

Human beings are inviolable. Every human being shall be entitled to respect for his life and the integrity of his person. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of this right.

ACHR
4,1

Every person has the right to have his life respected. This right shall be protected by law and, in general, from the moment of conception. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.

Convention of Belem do Para
4a

Every woman has the right to the recognition, enjoyment, exercise and protection of all human rights and freedoms embodied in regional and international human rights instruments. These rights include, among others: a. The right to have her life respected;

ACRWC
5

1. Every child has an inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law. [...]

ICCPR
6.1

Every human being has the inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.



Explanatory note

The HRC has identified homelessness among the general conditions in society that may give rise to direct threats to life or prevent individuals from enjoying their right to life with dignity. It has also stated that the measures called for to address adequate conditions for protecting the right to life include, where necessary, measures designed to ensure access without delay by individuals to essential goods and services such as shelter. See HRC, GC No. 36. See also CESCR, GC Nos. 4 and 7.

CRC
6.1

States Parties recognize that every child has the inherent right to life.

UNDROP
6.1

1. Peasants and other people working in rural areas have the right to life, physical and mental integrity, liberty and security of person.

ADRDM
I

Every human being has the right to life, liberty and the security of his person.

Responses to climate change and emergencies

25. Conflicts in respect to tenure of land, fisheries and forests

25.1

All parties should take steps to prevent and eliminate issues of tenure of land, fisheries and forests as a cause of conflict and should ensure that aspects of tenure are addressed before, during and after conflict, including in situations of occupation where parties should act in accordance with applicable international humanitarian law.

Right to life

ICRPD
10

States Parties reaffirm that every human being has the inherent right to life and shall take all necessary measures to ensure its effective enjoyment by persons with disabilities on an equal basis with others.

ADHR
11

Every person has an inherent right to life which shall be protected by law. No person shall be deprived of life save in accordance with law.

ECHR
2

1. Everyone’s right to life shall be protected by law. No one shall be deprived of his life intentionally save in the execution of a sentence of a court following his conviction of a crime for which this penalty is provided by law. 2. Deprivation of life shall not be regarded as inflicted in contravention of this Article when it results from the use of force which is no more than absolutely necessary: (a) in defence of any person from unlawful violence; (b) in order to effect a lawful arrest or to prevent the escape of a person lawfully detained; (c) in action lawfully taken for the purpose of quelling a riot or insurrection.

UDHR
3

Everyone has the right to life, liberty and the security of person.

ACHPR
4

Human beings are inviolable. Every human being shall be entitled to respect for his life and the integrity of his person. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of this right.

ACHR
4,1

Every person has the right to have his life respected. This right shall be protected by law and, in general, from the moment of conception. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.

Convention of Belem do Para
4a

Every woman has the right to the recognition, enjoyment, exercise and protection of all human rights and freedoms embodied in regional and international human rights instruments. These rights include, among others: a. The right to have her life respected;

ACRWC
5

1. Every child has an inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law. [...]

ICCPR
6.1

Every human being has the inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.



Explanatory note

The HRC has identified homelessness among the general conditions in society that may give rise to direct threats to life or prevent individuals from enjoying their right to life with dignity. It has also stated that the measures called for to address adequate conditions for protecting the right to life include, where necessary, measures designed to ensure access without delay by individuals to essential goods and services such as shelter. See HRC, GC No. 36. See also CESCR, GC Nos. 4 and 7.

CRC
6.1

States Parties recognize that every child has the inherent right to life.

UNDROP
6.1

1. Peasants and other people working in rural areas have the right to life, physical and mental integrity, liberty and security of person.

ADRDM
I

Every human being has the right to life, liberty and the security of his person.

25.5

In situations of conflicts, whenever possible or when conflicts cease, States and other parties should ensure that tenure problems are addressed in ways that contribute to gender equality and support durable solutions for those affected. Where restitution is possible and, as appropriate, with the assistance of UNHCR and other relevant agencies, refugees and displaced persons should be assisted in voluntarily, safely and with dignity returning to their place of origin, in line with applicable international standards. Procedures for restitution, rehabilitation and reparation should be nondiscriminatory, gender sensitive and widely publicized, and claims for restitution should be processed promptly. Procedures for restitution of tenure rights of indigenous peoples and other communities with customary tenure systems should provide for the use of traditional sources of information.

Right to life

ICRPD
10

States Parties reaffirm that every human being has the inherent right to life and shall take all necessary measures to ensure its effective enjoyment by persons with disabilities on an equal basis with others.

ADHR
11

Every person has an inherent right to life which shall be protected by law. No person shall be deprived of life save in accordance with law.

ECHR
2

1. Everyone’s right to life shall be protected by law. No one shall be deprived of his life intentionally save in the execution of a sentence of a court following his conviction of a crime for which this penalty is provided by law. 2. Deprivation of life shall not be regarded as inflicted in contravention of this Article when it results from the use of force which is no more than absolutely necessary: (a) in defence of any person from unlawful violence; (b) in order to effect a lawful arrest or to prevent the escape of a person lawfully detained; (c) in action lawfully taken for the purpose of quelling a riot or insurrection.

UDHR
3

Everyone has the right to life, liberty and the security of person.

ACHPR
4

Human beings are inviolable. Every human being shall be entitled to respect for his life and the integrity of his person. No one may be arbitrarily deprived of this right.

ACHR
4,1

Every person has the right to have his life respected. This right shall be protected by law and, in general, from the moment of conception. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.

Convention of Belem do Para
4a

Every woman has the right to the recognition, enjoyment, exercise and protection of all human rights and freedoms embodied in regional and international human rights instruments. These rights include, among others: a. The right to have her life respected;

ACRWC
5

1. Every child has an inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law. [...]

ICCPR
6.1

Every human being has the inherent right to life. This right shall be protected by law. No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life.



Explanatory note

The HRC has identified homelessness among the general conditions in society that may give rise to direct threats to life or prevent individuals from enjoying their right to life with dignity. It has also stated that the measures called for to address adequate conditions for protecting the right to life include, where necessary, measures designed to ensure access without delay by individuals to essential goods and services such as shelter. See HRC, GC No. 36. See also CESCR, GC Nos. 4 and 7.

CRC
6.1

States Parties recognize that every child has the inherent right to life.

UNDROP
6.1

1. Peasants and other people working in rural areas have the right to life, physical and mental integrity, liberty and security of person.

ADRDM
I

Every human being has the right to life, liberty and the security of his person.