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Human Rights VGGT

Land issue	VGGT Section	VGGT Paragraph	Human Right	Human rights instrument	Article
Criteria for the allocation of public land, fisheries and forests	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests	8.1 Where States own or control land, fisheries and forests, they should determine the use and control of these resources in light of broader social, economic and environmental objectives. They should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments	Right to an adequate standard of living	ICEDAW International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women	12.2.h States Parties shall undertake all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in rural areas in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, that they participate in and benefit from rural development and, in particular, shall ensure to such women the right … (h) to enjoy adequate living conditions, particularly in relation to housing, sanitation, electricity and water supply, transport and communications
		Criteria for the allocation of public land, fisheries and forests	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests	8.5 States should determine which of the land, fisheries and forests they own or control will be retained and used by the public sector, and which of these will be allocated for use by others and under what conditions.	Right to adequate housing	ICEDAW International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women	12.2.h States Parties shall undertake all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in rural areas in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, that they participate in and benefit from rural development and, in particular, shall ensure to such women the right … (h) to enjoy adequate living conditions, particularly in relation to housing, sanitation, electricity and water supply, transport and communications
		Criteria for the allocation of public land, fisheries and forests	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests		8.5 States should determine which of the land, fisheries and forests they own or control will be retained and used by the public sector, and which of these will be allocated for use by others and under what conditions.	Right to participation	ICEDAW International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women	14.2.a States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in rural areas in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, that they participate in and benefit from rural development and, in particular, shall ensure to such women the right: (a) To participate in the elaboration and implementation of development planning at all levels.
		Criteria for the allocation of public land, fisheries and forests	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests		8.5 States should determine which of the land, fisheries and forests they own or control will be retained and used by the public sector, and which of these will be allocated for use by others and under what conditions.	Right to participation		Right to participation	ICEDAW International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women	7.b States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in the political and public life of the country and, in particular, shall ensure to women, on equal terms with men, the right: [..] (b) To participate in the formulation of government policy and the implementation thereof and to hold public office and perform all public functions at all levels of government
		Criteria for the allocation of public land, fisheries and forests	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests		8.5 States should determine which of the land, fisheries and forests they own or control will be retained and used by the public sector, and which of these will be allocated for use by others and under what conditions.	Right to property	ICEDAW International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women	15.2 States Parties shall accord to women, in civil matters, a legal capacity identical to that of men and the same opportunities to exercise that capacity. In particular, they shall give women equal rights to conclude contracts and to administer property and shall treat them equally in all stages of procedure in courts and tribunals.
		Criteria for the allocation of public land, fisheries and forests	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests		8.5 States should determine which of the land, fisheries and forests they own or control will be retained and used by the public sector, and which of these will be allocated for use by others and under what conditions.	Right to property		Right to property	ICEDAW International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women	16.1.h 1. States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in all matters relating to marriage and family relations and in particular shall ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women: (h) The same rights for both spouses in respect of the ownership, acquisition, management, administration, enjoyment and disposition of property, whether free of charge or for a valuable consideration.
		Criteria for the allocation of public land, fisheries and forests	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests		8.5 States should determine which of the land, fisheries and forests they own or control will be retained and used by the public sector, and which of these will be allocated for use by others and under what conditions.	Right to water	ICEDAW International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women	14.2.h States parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in rural areas in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, that they participate in and benefit from rural development and, in particular shall ensure to women the right: [..] (h) To enjoy adequate living conditions, particularly in relation to housing, sanitation, electricity and water supply, transport and communications.
		Criteria for the allocation of public land, fisheries and forests	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests	8.6 States should develop and publicize policies covering the use and control of land, fisheries and forests that are retained by the public sector and should strive to develop policies that promote equitable distribution of benefits from State-owned land, fisheries and forests. Policies should take into account the tenure rights of others and anyone who could be affected should be included in the consultation process consistent with the principles of consultation and participation of these Guidelines. The administration of, and transactions concerning, these resources should be undertaken in an effective, transparent and accountable manner in fulfilment of public policies.	Right to an adequate standard of living	ICEDAW International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women	12.2.h States Parties shall undertake all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in rural areas in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, that they participate in and benefit from rural development and, in particular, shall ensure to such women the right … (h) to enjoy adequate living conditions, particularly in relation to housing, sanitation, electricity and water supply, transport and communications
		Criteria for the allocation of public land, fisheries and forests	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests	8.7 States should develop and publicize policies covering the allocation of tenure rights to others and, where appropriate, the delegation of responsibilities for tenure governance. Policies for allocation of tenure rights should be consistent with broader social, economic and environmental objectives. Local communities that have traditionally used the land, fisheries and forests should receive due consideration in the reallocation of tenure rights. Policies should take into account the tenure rights of others and anyone who could be affected should be included in the consultation, participation and decision-making processes. Such policies should ensure that the allocation of tenure rights does not threaten the livelihoods of people by depriving them of their legitimate access to these resources.	Right to an adequate standard of living	ICEDAW International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women	12.2.h States Parties shall undertake all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in rural areas in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, that they participate in and benefit from rural development and, in particular, shall ensure to such women the right … (h) to enjoy adequate living conditions, particularly in relation to housing, sanitation, electricity and water supply, transport and communications
		Criteria for the allocation of public land, fisheries and forests	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests		8.7 States should develop and publicize policies covering the allocation of tenure rights to others and, where appropriate, the delegation of responsibilities for tenure governance. Policies for allocation of tenure rights should be consistent with broader social, economic and environmental objectives. Local communities that have traditionally used the land, fisheries and forests should receive due consideration in the reallocation of tenure rights. Policies should take into account the tenure rights of others and anyone who could be affected should be included in the consultation, participation and decision-making processes. Such policies should ensure that the allocation of tenure rights does not threaten the livelihoods of people by depriving them of their legitimate access to these resources.	Right to participation	ICEDAW International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women	14.2.a States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in rural areas in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, that they participate in and benefit from rural development and, in particular, shall ensure to such women the right: (a) To participate in the elaboration and implementation of development planning at all levels.
		Criteria for the allocation of public land, fisheries and forests	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests		8.7 States should develop and publicize policies covering the allocation of tenure rights to others and, where appropriate, the delegation of responsibilities for tenure governance. Policies for allocation of tenure rights should be consistent with broader social, economic and environmental objectives. Local communities that have traditionally used the land, fisheries and forests should receive due consideration in the reallocation of tenure rights. Policies should take into account the tenure rights of others and anyone who could be affected should be included in the consultation, participation and decision-making processes. Such policies should ensure that the allocation of tenure rights does not threaten the livelihoods of people by depriving them of their legitimate access to these resources.	Right to participation		Right to participation	ICEDAW International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women	7.b States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in the political and public life of the country and, in particular, shall ensure to women, on equal terms with men, the right: [..] (b) To participate in the formulation of government policy and the implementation thereof and to hold public office and perform all public functions at all levels of government
		Criteria for the allocation of public land, fisheries and forests	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests	8.11 States should monitor the outcome of allocation programmes, including the gender-differentiated impacts on food security and poverty eradication as well as their impacts on social, economic and environmental objectives, and introduce corrective measures as required.	Right to an adequate standard of living	ICEDAW International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women	12.2.h States Parties shall undertake all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in rural areas in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, that they participate in and benefit from rural development and, in particular, shall ensure to such women the right … (h) to enjoy adequate living conditions, particularly in relation to housing, sanitation, electricity and water supply, transport and communications
		Criteria for the allocation of public land, fisheries and forests	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests		8.11 States should monitor the outcome of allocation programmes, including the gender-differentiated impacts on food security and poverty eradication as well as their impacts on social, economic and environmental objectives, and introduce corrective measures as required.	Right to equality and non-discrimination	ICEDAW International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women	14.2.g States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in rural areas in order to ensure, on a basis of equality of men and women, that they participate in and benefit from rural development and, in particular, shall ensure to such women the right: [..] (g) To have access to agricultural credit and loans, marketing facilities, appropriate technology and equal treatment in land and agrarian reform as well as in land resettlement schemes.
		Criteria for the allocation of public land, fisheries and forests	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests		8.11 States should monitor the outcome of allocation programmes, including the gender-differentiated impacts on food security and poverty eradication as well as their impacts on social, economic and environmental objectives, and introduce corrective measures as required.			Right to equality and non-discrimination	ICEDAW International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women	2 States Parties condemn discrimination against women in all its forms, agree to pursue by all appropriate means and without delay a policy of eliminating discrimination against women and, to this end, undertake: [..] see also the rest of ICEDAW
		Criteria for the allocation of public land, fisheries and forests	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests		8.11 States should monitor the outcome of allocation programmes, including the gender-differentiated impacts on food security and poverty eradication as well as their impacts on social, economic and environmental objectives, and introduce corrective measures as required.			Right to equality and non-discrimination	ICEDAW International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women	4 1. Adoption by States Parties of temporary special measures aimed at accelerating de facto equality between men and women shall not be considered discrimination as defined in the present Convention, but shall in no way entail as a consequence the maintenance of unequal or separate standards; these measures shall be discontinued when the objectives of equality of opportunity and treatment have been achieved. 2. Adoption by States Parties of special measures, including those measures contained in the present Convention, aimed at protecting maternity shall not be considered discriminatory.