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Human Rights VGGT

Land issue	VGGT Section	VGGT Paragraph	Human Right	Human rights instrument	Article
Prevention and resolution of conflicts	General matters 4. Rights and responsibilities related to tenure	4.9 States should provide access through impartial and competent judicial and administrative bodies to timely, affordable and effective means of resolving disputes over tenure rights, including alternative means of resolving such disputes, and should provide effective remedies, which may include a right of appeal, as appropriate. Such remedies should be promptly enforced and may include restitution, indemnity, compensation and reparation. States should strive to ensure that vulnerable and marginalized persons have access to such means, in line with paragraphs 6.6 and 21.6. States should ensure that any person whose human rights are violated in the context of tenure has access to such means of dispute resolution and remedies	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	ILO C169 Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (no.169) – ILO 169	12 The peoples concerned shall be safeguarded against the abuse of their rights and shall be able to take legal proceedings, either individually or through their representative bodies, for the effective protection of these rights. Measures shall be taken to ensure that members of these peoples can understand and be understood in legal proceedings, where necessary through the provision of interpretation or by other effective means.
				Prevention and resolution of conflicts	General matters 4. Rights and responsibilities related to tenure	4.9 States should provide access through impartial and competent judicial and administrative bodies to timely, affordable and effective means of resolving disputes over tenure rights, including alternative means of resolving such disputes, and should provide effective remedies, which may include a right of appeal, as appropriate. Such remedies should be promptly enforced and may include restitution, indemnity, compensation and reparation. States should strive to ensure that vulnerable and marginalized persons have access to such means, in line with paragraphs 6.6 and 21.6. States should ensure that any person whose human rights are violated in the context of tenure has access to such means of dispute resolution and remedies	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
	Prevention and resolution of conflicts	Administration of tenure 21. Resolution of disputes over tenure rights	21.1 States should provide access through impartial and competent judicial and administrative bodies to timely, affordable and effective means of resolving disputes over tenure rights, including alternative means of resolving such disputes, and should provide effective remedies and a right to appeal. Such remedies should be promptly enforced. States should make available, to all, mechanisms to avoid or resolve potential disputes at the preliminary stage, either within the implementing agency or externally. Dispute resolution services should be accessible to all, women and men, in terms of location, language and procedures.	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	ILO C169 Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (no.169) – ILO 169	12 The peoples concerned shall be safeguarded against the abuse of their rights and shall be able to take legal proceedings, either individually or through their representative bodies, for the effective protection of these rights. Measures shall be taken to ensure that members of these peoples can understand and be understood in legal proceedings, where necessary through the provision of interpretation or by other effective means.
	Prevention and resolution of conflicts				Administration of tenure 21. Resolution of disputes over tenure rights	21.1 States should provide access through impartial and competent judicial and administrative bodies to timely, affordable and effective means of resolving disputes over tenure rights, including alternative means of resolving such disputes, and should provide effective remedies and a right to appeal. Such remedies should be promptly enforced. States should make available, to all, mechanisms to avoid or resolve potential disputes at the preliminary stage, either within the implementing agency or externally. Dispute resolution services should be accessible to all, women and men, in terms of location, language and procedures.	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
	Prevention and resolution of conflicts	Responses to climate change and emergencies 25. Conflicts in respect to tenure of land, fisheries and forests	25.3 In order that tenure problems do not lead to conflicts, all parties should take steps to resolve such problems through peaceful means. States should revise relevant policies and laws to eliminate discrimination and other factors that can be a cause of conflicts. Where appropriate, States may consider using customary and other local mechanisms that provide fair, reliable, gender-sensitive, accessible and non-discriminatory ways of promptly resolving disputes over tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests.	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	ILO C169 Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (no.169) – ILO 169	12 The peoples concerned shall be safeguarded against the abuse of their rights and shall be able to take legal proceedings, either individually or through their representative bodies, for the effective protection of these rights. Measures shall be taken to ensure that members of these peoples can understand and be understood in legal proceedings, where necessary through the provision of interpretation or by other effective means.
	Prevention and resolution of conflicts				Responses to climate change and emergencies 25. Conflicts in respect to tenure of land, fisheries and forests	25.3 In order that tenure problems do not lead to conflicts, all parties should take steps to resolve such problems through peaceful means. States should revise relevant policies and laws to eliminate discrimination and other factors that can be a cause of conflicts. Where appropriate, States may consider using customary and other local mechanisms that provide fair, reliable, gender-sensitive, accessible and non-discriminatory ways of promptly resolving disputes over tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests.	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.