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Land issue	VGGT Section	VGGT Paragraph	Human Right	Human rights instrument	Article
Ensure and respect the rule of law	General matters 4. Rights and responsibilities related to tenure	4.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding tenure and its governance are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
			Ensure and respect the rule of law	General matters 4. Rights and responsibilities related to tenure	4.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding tenure and its governance are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
			Ensure and respect the rule of law	General matters 4. Rights and responsibilities related to tenure	4.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding tenure and its governance are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
			Ensure and respect the rule of law	General matters 4. Rights and responsibilities related to tenure	4.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding tenure and its governance are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
			Ensure and respect the rule of law	General matters 4. Rights and responsibilities related to tenure	4.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding tenure and its governance are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.	Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
			Ensure and respect the rule of law	General matters 4. Rights and responsibilities related to tenure	4.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding tenure and its governance are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	28 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to redress, by means that can include restitution or, when this is not possible, just, fair and equitable compensation, for the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used, and which have been confiscated, taken, occupied, used or damaged without their free, prior and informed consent. 2. Unless otherwise freely agreed upon by the peoples concerned, compensation shall take the form of lands, territories and resources equal in quality, size and legal status or of monetary compensation or other appropriate redress.
			Ensure and respect the rule of law	General matters 4. Rights and responsibilities related to tenure	4.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding tenure and its governance are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.3 States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact.
			Ensure and respect the rule of law	General matters 4. Rights and responsibilities related to tenure	4.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding tenure and its governance are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
			Ensure and respect the rule of law	General matters 4. Rights and responsibilities related to tenure	4.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding tenure and its governance are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	8.2 2. States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integration; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to promote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them.
		Ensure and respect the rule of law	General matters 4. Rights and responsibilities related to tenure	4.6 States should remove and prohibit all forms of discrimination related to tenure rights, including those resulting from change of marital status, lack of legal capacity, and lack of access to economic resources. In particular, States should ensure equal tenure rights for women and men, including the right to inherit and bequeath these rights. Such State actions should be consistent with their existing obligations under relevant national law and legislation and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law	General matters 5. Policy, legal and organizational frameworks related to tenure	5.2 States should ensure that policy, legal and organizational frameworks for tenure governance are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			General matters 5. Policy, legal and organizational frameworks related to tenure	5.2 States should ensure that policy, legal and organizational frameworks for tenure governance are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			General matters 5. Policy, legal and organizational frameworks related to tenure	5.2 States should ensure that policy, legal and organizational frameworks for tenure governance are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			General matters 5. Policy, legal and organizational frameworks related to tenure	5.2 States should ensure that policy, legal and organizational frameworks for tenure governance are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			General matters 5. Policy, legal and organizational frameworks related to tenure	5.2 States should ensure that policy, legal and organizational frameworks for tenure governance are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.	Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			General matters 5. Policy, legal and organizational frameworks related to tenure	5.2 States should ensure that policy, legal and organizational frameworks for tenure governance are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	28 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to redress, by means that can include restitution or, when this is not possible, just, fair and equitable compensation, for the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used, and which have been confiscated, taken, occupied, used or damaged without their free, prior and informed consent. 2. Unless otherwise freely agreed upon by the peoples concerned, compensation shall take the form of lands, territories and resources equal in quality, size and legal status or of monetary compensation or other appropriate redress.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			General matters 5. Policy, legal and organizational frameworks related to tenure	5.2 States should ensure that policy, legal and organizational frameworks for tenure governance are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.3 States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			General matters 5. Policy, legal and organizational frameworks related to tenure	5.2 States should ensure that policy, legal and organizational frameworks for tenure governance are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			General matters 5. Policy, legal and organizational frameworks related to tenure	5.2 States should ensure that policy, legal and organizational frameworks for tenure governance are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	8.2 2. States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integration; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to promote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law	General matters 6. Delivery of services	6.2 States should ensure that the delivery of services related to tenure and its administration are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			General matters 6. Delivery of services	6.2 States should ensure that the delivery of services related to tenure and its administration are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments	Right to land	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	27 States shall establish and implement, in conjunction with indigenous peoples concerned, a fair, independent, impartial, open and transparent process, giving due recognition to indigenous peoples’ laws, traditions, customs and land tenure systems, to recognize and adjudicate the rights of indigenous peoples pertaining to their lands, territories and resources, including those which were traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used. Indigenous peoples shall have the right to participate in this process.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			General matters 6. Delivery of services	6.2 States should ensure that the delivery of services related to tenure and its administration are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments	Right to land		Right to land	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			General matters 6. Delivery of services	6.2 States should ensure that the delivery of services related to tenure and its administration are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			General matters 6. Delivery of services	6.2 States should ensure that the delivery of services related to tenure and its administration are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			General matters 6. Delivery of services	6.2 States should ensure that the delivery of services related to tenure and its administration are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			General matters 6. Delivery of services	6.2 States should ensure that the delivery of services related to tenure and its administration are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments	Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			General matters 6. Delivery of services	6.2 States should ensure that the delivery of services related to tenure and its administration are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	28 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to redress, by means that can include restitution or, when this is not possible, just, fair and equitable compensation, for the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used, and which have been confiscated, taken, occupied, used or damaged without their free, prior and informed consent. 2. Unless otherwise freely agreed upon by the peoples concerned, compensation shall take the form of lands, territories and resources equal in quality, size and legal status or of monetary compensation or other appropriate redress.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			General matters 6. Delivery of services	6.2 States should ensure that the delivery of services related to tenure and its administration are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.3 States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			General matters 6. Delivery of services	6.2 States should ensure that the delivery of services related to tenure and its administration are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			General matters 6. Delivery of services	6.2 States should ensure that the delivery of services related to tenure and its administration are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	8.2 2. States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integration; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to promote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 7. Safeguards	7.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding the legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 7. Safeguards	7.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding the legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 7. Safeguards	7.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding the legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 7. Safeguards	7.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding the legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 7. Safeguards	7.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding the legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.	Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 7. Safeguards	7.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding the legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	28 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to redress, by means that can include restitution or, when this is not possible, just, fair and equitable compensation, for the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used, and which have been confiscated, taken, occupied, used or damaged without their free, prior and informed consent. 2. Unless otherwise freely agreed upon by the peoples concerned, compensation shall take the form of lands, territories and resources equal in quality, size and legal status or of monetary compensation or other appropriate redress.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 7. Safeguards	7.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding the legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.3 States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 7. Safeguards	7.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding the legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 7. Safeguards	7.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding the legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	8.2 2. States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integration; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to promote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law		Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 7. Safeguards	7.4 States should ensure that women and men enjoy the same rights in the newly recognized tenure rights, and that those rights are reflected in records. Where possible, legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights of individuals, families and communities should be done systematically, progressing area by area in accordance with national priorities, in order to provide the poor and vulnerable with full opportunities to acquire legal recognition of their tenure rights. Legal support should be provided, particularly to the poor and vulnerable. Locally appropriate approaches should be used to increase transparency when records of tenure rights are initially created, including in the mapping of tenure rights.	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests	8.1 Where States own or control land, fisheries and forests, they should determine the use and control of these resources in light of broader social, economic and environmental objectives. They should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests	8.1 Where States own or control land, fisheries and forests, they should determine the use and control of these resources in light of broader social, economic and environmental objectives. They should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests	8.1 Where States own or control land, fisheries and forests, they should determine the use and control of these resources in light of broader social, economic and environmental objectives. They should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests	8.1 Where States own or control land, fisheries and forests, they should determine the use and control of these resources in light of broader social, economic and environmental objectives. They should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests	8.1 Where States own or control land, fisheries and forests, they should determine the use and control of these resources in light of broader social, economic and environmental objectives. They should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments	Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests	8.1 Where States own or control land, fisheries and forests, they should determine the use and control of these resources in light of broader social, economic and environmental objectives. They should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	28 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to redress, by means that can include restitution or, when this is not possible, just, fair and equitable compensation, for the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used, and which have been confiscated, taken, occupied, used or damaged without their free, prior and informed consent. 2. Unless otherwise freely agreed upon by the peoples concerned, compensation shall take the form of lands, territories and resources equal in quality, size and legal status or of monetary compensation or other appropriate redress.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests	8.1 Where States own or control land, fisheries and forests, they should determine the use and control of these resources in light of broader social, economic and environmental objectives. They should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.3 States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests	8.1 Where States own or control land, fisheries and forests, they should determine the use and control of these resources in light of broader social, economic and environmental objectives. They should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests	8.1 Where States own or control land, fisheries and forests, they should determine the use and control of these resources in light of broader social, economic and environmental objectives. They should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	8.2 2. States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integration; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to promote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law		Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests	8.2 Where States own or control land, fisheries and forests, the legitimate tenure rights of individuals and communities, including where applicable those with customary tenure systems, should be recognized, respected and protected, consistent with existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. To this end, categories of legitimate tenure rights should be clearly defined and publicized, through a transparent process, and in accordance with national law.	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law		Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests		8.2 Where States own or control land, fisheries and forests, the legitimate tenure rights of individuals and communities, including where applicable those with customary tenure systems, should be recognized, respected and protected, consistent with existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. To this end, categories of legitimate tenure rights should be clearly defined and publicized, through a transparent process, and in accordance with national law.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
	Ensure and respect the rule of law		Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests		8.2 Where States own or control land, fisheries and forests, the legitimate tenure rights of individuals and communities, including where applicable those with customary tenure systems, should be recognized, respected and protected, consistent with existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. To this end, categories of legitimate tenure rights should be clearly defined and publicized, through a transparent process, and in accordance with national law.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law		Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests		8.2 Where States own or control land, fisheries and forests, the legitimate tenure rights of individuals and communities, including where applicable those with customary tenure systems, should be recognized, respected and protected, consistent with existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. To this end, categories of legitimate tenure rights should be clearly defined and publicized, through a transparent process, and in accordance with national law.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law		Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests		8.2 Where States own or control land, fisheries and forests, the legitimate tenure rights of individuals and communities, including where applicable those with customary tenure systems, should be recognized, respected and protected, consistent with existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. To this end, categories of legitimate tenure rights should be clearly defined and publicized, through a transparent process, and in accordance with national law.	Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law		Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests		8.2 Where States own or control land, fisheries and forests, the legitimate tenure rights of individuals and communities, including where applicable those with customary tenure systems, should be recognized, respected and protected, consistent with existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. To this end, categories of legitimate tenure rights should be clearly defined and publicized, through a transparent process, and in accordance with national law.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	28 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to redress, by means that can include restitution or, when this is not possible, just, fair and equitable compensation, for the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used, and which have been confiscated, taken, occupied, used or damaged without their free, prior and informed consent. 2. Unless otherwise freely agreed upon by the peoples concerned, compensation shall take the form of lands, territories and resources equal in quality, size and legal status or of monetary compensation or other appropriate redress.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law		Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests		8.2 Where States own or control land, fisheries and forests, the legitimate tenure rights of individuals and communities, including where applicable those with customary tenure systems, should be recognized, respected and protected, consistent with existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. To this end, categories of legitimate tenure rights should be clearly defined and publicized, through a transparent process, and in accordance with national law.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.3 States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law		Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests		8.2 Where States own or control land, fisheries and forests, the legitimate tenure rights of individuals and communities, including where applicable those with customary tenure systems, should be recognized, respected and protected, consistent with existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. To this end, categories of legitimate tenure rights should be clearly defined and publicized, through a transparent process, and in accordance with national law.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law		Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests		8.2 Where States own or control land, fisheries and forests, the legitimate tenure rights of individuals and communities, including where applicable those with customary tenure systems, should be recognized, respected and protected, consistent with existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. To this end, categories of legitimate tenure rights should be clearly defined and publicized, through a transparent process, and in accordance with national law.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	8.2 2. States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integration; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to promote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law		Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests	8.6 States should develop and publicize policies covering the use and control of land, fisheries and forests that are retained by the public sector and should strive to develop policies that promote equitable distribution of benefits from State-owned land, fisheries and forests. Policies should take into account the tenure rights of others and anyone who could be affected should be included in the consultation process consistent with the principles of consultation and participation of these Guidelines. The administration of, and transactions concerning, these resources should be undertaken in an effective, transparent and accountable manner in fulfilment of public policies.	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law		Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests	8.9 States should allocate tenure rights and delegate tenure governance in transparent, participatory ways, using simple procedures that are clear, accessible and understandable to all, especially to indigenous peoples and other communities with customary tenure systems. Information in applicable languages should be provided to all potential participants, including through gender-sensitive messages. Where possible, States should ensure that newly allocated tenure rights are recorded with other tenure rights in a single recording system, or are linked by a common framework. States and non-state actors should further endeavour to prevent corruption in the allocation of tenure rights.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
	Ensure and respect the rule of law		Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests				8.9 States should allocate tenure rights and delegate tenure governance in transparent, participatory ways, using simple procedures that are clear, accessible and understandable to all, especially to indigenous peoples and other communities with customary tenure systems. Information in applicable languages should be provided to all potential participants, including through gender-sensitive messages. Where possible, States should ensure that newly allocated tenure rights are recorded with other tenure rights in a single recording system, or are linked by a common framework. States and non-state actors should further endeavour to prevent corruption in the allocation of tenure rights.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law		Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 8. Public land, fisheries and forests				8.9 States should allocate tenure rights and delegate tenure governance in transparent, participatory ways, using simple procedures that are clear, accessible and understandable to all, especially to indigenous peoples and other communities with customary tenure systems. Information in applicable languages should be provided to all potential participants, including through gender-sensitive messages. Where possible, States should ensure that newly allocated tenure rights are recorded with other tenure rights in a single recording system, or are linked by a common framework. States and non-state actors should further endeavour to prevent corruption in the allocation of tenure rights.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 9. Indigenous peoples and other communities with customary tenure systems	9.3 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. In the case of indigenous peoples, States should meet their relevant obligations and voluntary commitments to protect, promote and implement human rights, including as appropriate from the International Labour Organization Convention (No 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
	Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 9. Indigenous peoples and other communities with customary tenure systems	9.3 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. In the case of indigenous peoples, States should meet their relevant obligations and voluntary commitments to protect, promote and implement human rights, including as appropriate from the International Labour Organization Convention (No 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
Ensure and respect the rule of law	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 9. Indigenous peoples and other communities with customary tenure systems			9.3 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. In the case of indigenous peoples, States should meet their relevant obligations and voluntary commitments to protect, promote and implement human rights, including as appropriate from the International Labour Organization Convention (No 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.	Right to participation			UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 9. Indigenous peoples and other communities with customary tenure systems			9.3 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. In the case of indigenous peoples, States should meet their relevant obligations and voluntary commitments to protect, promote and implement human rights, including as appropriate from the International Labour Organization Convention (No 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.	Right to participation			UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
Ensure and respect the rule of law	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 9. Indigenous peoples and other communities with customary tenure systems			9.3 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. In the case of indigenous peoples, States should meet their relevant obligations and voluntary commitments to protect, promote and implement human rights, including as appropriate from the International Labour Organization Convention (No 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.	Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
Ensure and respect the rule of law	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 9. Indigenous peoples and other communities with customary tenure systems			9.3 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. In the case of indigenous peoples, States should meet their relevant obligations and voluntary commitments to protect, promote and implement human rights, including as appropriate from the International Labour Organization Convention (No 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	28 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to redress, by means that can include restitution or, when this is not possible, just, fair and equitable compensation, for the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used, and which have been confiscated, taken, occupied, used or damaged without their free, prior and informed consent. 2. Unless otherwise freely agreed upon by the peoples concerned, compensation shall take the form of lands, territories and resources equal in quality, size and legal status or of monetary compensation or other appropriate redress.
Ensure and respect the rule of law	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 9. Indigenous peoples and other communities with customary tenure systems			9.3 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. In the case of indigenous peoples, States should meet their relevant obligations and voluntary commitments to protect, promote and implement human rights, including as appropriate from the International Labour Organization Convention (No 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.3 States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact.
Ensure and respect the rule of law	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 9. Indigenous peoples and other communities with customary tenure systems			9.3 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. In the case of indigenous peoples, States should meet their relevant obligations and voluntary commitments to protect, promote and implement human rights, including as appropriate from the International Labour Organization Convention (No 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 9. Indigenous peoples and other communities with customary tenure systems			9.3 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. In the case of indigenous peoples, States should meet their relevant obligations and voluntary commitments to protect, promote and implement human rights, including as appropriate from the International Labour Organization Convention (No 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	8.2 2. States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integration; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to promote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law	Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 10. Informal tenure	10.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding informal tenure are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate to the right to adequate housing	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 10. Informal tenure	10.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding informal tenure are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate to the right to adequate housing	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 10. Informal tenure	10.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding informal tenure are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate to the right to adequate housing			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 10. Informal tenure	10.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding informal tenure are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate to the right to adequate housing			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 10. Informal tenure	10.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding informal tenure are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate to the right to adequate housing	Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 10. Informal tenure	10.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding informal tenure are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate to the right to adequate housing			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	28 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to redress, by means that can include restitution or, when this is not possible, just, fair and equitable compensation, for the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used, and which have been confiscated, taken, occupied, used or damaged without their free, prior and informed consent. 2. Unless otherwise freely agreed upon by the peoples concerned, compensation shall take the form of lands, territories and resources equal in quality, size and legal status or of monetary compensation or other appropriate redress.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 10. Informal tenure	10.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding informal tenure are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate to the right to adequate housing			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.3 States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 10. Informal tenure	10.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding informal tenure are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate to the right to adequate housing			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Legal recognition and allocation of tenure rights and duties 10. Informal tenure	10.2 States should ensure that all actions regarding informal tenure are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate to the right to adequate housing			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	8.2 2. States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integration; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to promote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law	Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 11. Markets	11.1 Where appropriate, States should recognize and facilitate fair and transparent sale and lease markets as a means of transfer of rights of use and ownership of land, fisheries and forests. Where markets in tenure rights operate, States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. Transactions of tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests should comply with national regulation of land use and not jeopardize core development goals	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 11. Markets	11.1 Where appropriate, States should recognize and facilitate fair and transparent sale and lease markets as a means of transfer of rights of use and ownership of land, fisheries and forests. Where markets in tenure rights operate, States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. Transactions of tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests should comply with national regulation of land use and not jeopardize core development goals	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 11. Markets	11.1 Where appropriate, States should recognize and facilitate fair and transparent sale and lease markets as a means of transfer of rights of use and ownership of land, fisheries and forests. Where markets in tenure rights operate, States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. Transactions of tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests should comply with national regulation of land use and not jeopardize core development goals			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 11. Markets	11.1 Where appropriate, States should recognize and facilitate fair and transparent sale and lease markets as a means of transfer of rights of use and ownership of land, fisheries and forests. Where markets in tenure rights operate, States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. Transactions of tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests should comply with national regulation of land use and not jeopardize core development goals			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 11. Markets	11.1 Where appropriate, States should recognize and facilitate fair and transparent sale and lease markets as a means of transfer of rights of use and ownership of land, fisheries and forests. Where markets in tenure rights operate, States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. Transactions of tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests should comply with national regulation of land use and not jeopardize core development goals	Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 11. Markets	11.1 Where appropriate, States should recognize and facilitate fair and transparent sale and lease markets as a means of transfer of rights of use and ownership of land, fisheries and forests. Where markets in tenure rights operate, States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. Transactions of tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests should comply with national regulation of land use and not jeopardize core development goals			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	28 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to redress, by means that can include restitution or, when this is not possible, just, fair and equitable compensation, for the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used, and which have been confiscated, taken, occupied, used or damaged without their free, prior and informed consent. 2. Unless otherwise freely agreed upon by the peoples concerned, compensation shall take the form of lands, territories and resources equal in quality, size and legal status or of monetary compensation or other appropriate redress.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 11. Markets	11.1 Where appropriate, States should recognize and facilitate fair and transparent sale and lease markets as a means of transfer of rights of use and ownership of land, fisheries and forests. Where markets in tenure rights operate, States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. Transactions of tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests should comply with national regulation of land use and not jeopardize core development goals			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.3 States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 11. Markets	11.1 Where appropriate, States should recognize and facilitate fair and transparent sale and lease markets as a means of transfer of rights of use and ownership of land, fisheries and forests. Where markets in tenure rights operate, States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. Transactions of tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests should comply with national regulation of land use and not jeopardize core development goals			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 11. Markets	11.1 Where appropriate, States should recognize and facilitate fair and transparent sale and lease markets as a means of transfer of rights of use and ownership of land, fisheries and forests. Where markets in tenure rights operate, States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. Transactions of tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests should comply with national regulation of land use and not jeopardize core development goals			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	8.2 2. States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integration; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to promote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law	Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments	12.1 State and non-state actors should acknowledge that responsible public and private investments are essential to improve food security. Responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests encourages tenure right holders to make responsible investments in these resources, increasing sustainable agricultural production and generating higher incomes. States should promote and support responsible investments in land, fisheries and forests that support broader social, economic and environmental objectives under a variety of farming systems. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments	12.1 State and non-state actors should acknowledge that responsible public and private investments are essential to improve food security. Responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests encourages tenure right holders to make responsible investments in these resources, increasing sustainable agricultural production and generating higher incomes. States should promote and support responsible investments in land, fisheries and forests that support broader social, economic and environmental objectives under a variety of farming systems. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments	12.1 State and non-state actors should acknowledge that responsible public and private investments are essential to improve food security. Responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests encourages tenure right holders to make responsible investments in these resources, increasing sustainable agricultural production and generating higher incomes. States should promote and support responsible investments in land, fisheries and forests that support broader social, economic and environmental objectives under a variety of farming systems. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments	12.1 State and non-state actors should acknowledge that responsible public and private investments are essential to improve food security. Responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests encourages tenure right holders to make responsible investments in these resources, increasing sustainable agricultural production and generating higher incomes. States should promote and support responsible investments in land, fisheries and forests that support broader social, economic and environmental objectives under a variety of farming systems. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments	12.1 State and non-state actors should acknowledge that responsible public and private investments are essential to improve food security. Responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests encourages tenure right holders to make responsible investments in these resources, increasing sustainable agricultural production and generating higher incomes. States should promote and support responsible investments in land, fisheries and forests that support broader social, economic and environmental objectives under a variety of farming systems. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments	Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments	12.1 State and non-state actors should acknowledge that responsible public and private investments are essential to improve food security. Responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests encourages tenure right holders to make responsible investments in these resources, increasing sustainable agricultural production and generating higher incomes. States should promote and support responsible investments in land, fisheries and forests that support broader social, economic and environmental objectives under a variety of farming systems. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	28 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to redress, by means that can include restitution or, when this is not possible, just, fair and equitable compensation, for the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used, and which have been confiscated, taken, occupied, used or damaged without their free, prior and informed consent. 2. Unless otherwise freely agreed upon by the peoples concerned, compensation shall take the form of lands, territories and resources equal in quality, size and legal status or of monetary compensation or other appropriate redress.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments	12.1 State and non-state actors should acknowledge that responsible public and private investments are essential to improve food security. Responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests encourages tenure right holders to make responsible investments in these resources, increasing sustainable agricultural production and generating higher incomes. States should promote and support responsible investments in land, fisheries and forests that support broader social, economic and environmental objectives under a variety of farming systems. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.3 States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments	12.1 State and non-state actors should acknowledge that responsible public and private investments are essential to improve food security. Responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests encourages tenure right holders to make responsible investments in these resources, increasing sustainable agricultural production and generating higher incomes. States should promote and support responsible investments in land, fisheries and forests that support broader social, economic and environmental objectives under a variety of farming systems. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments	12.1 State and non-state actors should acknowledge that responsible public and private investments are essential to improve food security. Responsible governance of tenure of land, fisheries and forests encourages tenure right holders to make responsible investments in these resources, increasing sustainable agricultural production and generating higher incomes. States should promote and support responsible investments in land, fisheries and forests that support broader social, economic and environmental objectives under a variety of farming systems. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	8.2 2. States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integration; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to promote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments	12.3 All forms of transactions in tenure rights as a result of investments in land, fisheries and forests should be done transparently in line with relevant national sectoral policies and be consistent with the objectives of social and economic growth and sustainable human development focusing on smallholders.	Right to development	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	23 Indigenous peoples have the right to determine and develop priorities and strategies for exercising their right to development. In particular, indigenous peoples have the right to be actively involved in developing and determining health, housing and other economic and social programmes affecting them and, as far as possible, to administer such programmes through their own institutions.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments		Right to development		12.3 All forms of transactions in tenure rights as a result of investments in land, fisheries and forests should be done transparently in line with relevant national sectoral policies and be consistent with the objectives of social and economic growth and sustainable human development focusing on smallholders.	Right to development	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to determine and develop priorities and strategies for the development or use of their lands or territories and other resources. 2. States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources. 3. States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments	12.5 States should, with appropriate consultation and participation, provide transparent rules on the scale, scope and nature of allowable transactions in tenure rights and should define what constitutes large-scale transactions in tenure rights in their national context.	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments		12.5 States should, with appropriate consultation and participation, provide transparent rules on the scale, scope and nature of allowable transactions in tenure rights and should define what constitutes large-scale transactions in tenure rights in their national context.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments		12.5 States should, with appropriate consultation and participation, provide transparent rules on the scale, scope and nature of allowable transactions in tenure rights and should define what constitutes large-scale transactions in tenure rights in their national context.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments		12.5 States should, with appropriate consultation and participation, provide transparent rules on the scale, scope and nature of allowable transactions in tenure rights and should define what constitutes large-scale transactions in tenure rights in their national context.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments		12.5 States should, with appropriate consultation and participation, provide transparent rules on the scale, scope and nature of allowable transactions in tenure rights and should define what constitutes large-scale transactions in tenure rights in their national context.	Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments		12.5 States should, with appropriate consultation and participation, provide transparent rules on the scale, scope and nature of allowable transactions in tenure rights and should define what constitutes large-scale transactions in tenure rights in their national context.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	28 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to redress, by means that can include restitution or, when this is not possible, just, fair and equitable compensation, for the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used, and which have been confiscated, taken, occupied, used or damaged without their free, prior and informed consent. 2. Unless otherwise freely agreed upon by the peoples concerned, compensation shall take the form of lands, territories and resources equal in quality, size and legal status or of monetary compensation or other appropriate redress.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments		12.5 States should, with appropriate consultation and participation, provide transparent rules on the scale, scope and nature of allowable transactions in tenure rights and should define what constitutes large-scale transactions in tenure rights in their national context.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.3 States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments		12.5 States should, with appropriate consultation and participation, provide transparent rules on the scale, scope and nature of allowable transactions in tenure rights and should define what constitutes large-scale transactions in tenure rights in their national context.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments		12.5 States should, with appropriate consultation and participation, provide transparent rules on the scale, scope and nature of allowable transactions in tenure rights and should define what constitutes large-scale transactions in tenure rights in their national context.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	8.2 2. States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integration; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to promote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments	12.7 In the case of indigenous peoples and their communities, States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate from the International Labour Organization Convention (No 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. States and other parties should hold good faith consultation with indigenous peoples before initiating any investment project affecting the resources for which the communities hold rights. Such projects should be based on an effective and meaningful consultation with members of indigenous peoples as described in paragraph 9.9. The principles of consultation and participation of these Guidelines should be applied for investments that use the resources of other communities.	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments		12.7 In the case of indigenous peoples and their communities, States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate from the International Labour Organization Convention (No 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. States and other parties should hold good faith consultation with indigenous peoples before initiating any investment project affecting the resources for which the communities hold rights. Such projects should be based on an effective and meaningful consultation with members of indigenous peoples as described in paragraph 9.9. The principles of consultation and participation of these Guidelines should be applied for investments that use the resources of other communities.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments		12.7 In the case of indigenous peoples and their communities, States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate from the International Labour Organization Convention (No 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. States and other parties should hold good faith consultation with indigenous peoples before initiating any investment project affecting the resources for which the communities hold rights. Such projects should be based on an effective and meaningful consultation with members of indigenous peoples as described in paragraph 9.9. The principles of consultation and participation of these Guidelines should be applied for investments that use the resources of other communities.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments		12.7 In the case of indigenous peoples and their communities, States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate from the International Labour Organization Convention (No 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. States and other parties should hold good faith consultation with indigenous peoples before initiating any investment project affecting the resources for which the communities hold rights. Such projects should be based on an effective and meaningful consultation with members of indigenous peoples as described in paragraph 9.9. The principles of consultation and participation of these Guidelines should be applied for investments that use the resources of other communities.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments		12.7 In the case of indigenous peoples and their communities, States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate from the International Labour Organization Convention (No 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. States and other parties should hold good faith consultation with indigenous peoples before initiating any investment project affecting the resources for which the communities hold rights. Such projects should be based on an effective and meaningful consultation with members of indigenous peoples as described in paragraph 9.9. The principles of consultation and participation of these Guidelines should be applied for investments that use the resources of other communities.	Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments		12.7 In the case of indigenous peoples and their communities, States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate from the International Labour Organization Convention (No 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. States and other parties should hold good faith consultation with indigenous peoples before initiating any investment project affecting the resources for which the communities hold rights. Such projects should be based on an effective and meaningful consultation with members of indigenous peoples as described in paragraph 9.9. The principles of consultation and participation of these Guidelines should be applied for investments that use the resources of other communities.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	28 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to redress, by means that can include restitution or, when this is not possible, just, fair and equitable compensation, for the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used, and which have been confiscated, taken, occupied, used or damaged without their free, prior and informed consent. 2. Unless otherwise freely agreed upon by the peoples concerned, compensation shall take the form of lands, territories and resources equal in quality, size and legal status or of monetary compensation or other appropriate redress.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments		12.7 In the case of indigenous peoples and their communities, States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate from the International Labour Organization Convention (No 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. States and other parties should hold good faith consultation with indigenous peoples before initiating any investment project affecting the resources for which the communities hold rights. Such projects should be based on an effective and meaningful consultation with members of indigenous peoples as described in paragraph 9.9. The principles of consultation and participation of these Guidelines should be applied for investments that use the resources of other communities.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.3 States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments		12.7 In the case of indigenous peoples and their communities, States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate from the International Labour Organization Convention (No 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. States and other parties should hold good faith consultation with indigenous peoples before initiating any investment project affecting the resources for which the communities hold rights. Such projects should be based on an effective and meaningful consultation with members of indigenous peoples as described in paragraph 9.9. The principles of consultation and participation of these Guidelines should be applied for investments that use the resources of other communities.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments		12.7 In the case of indigenous peoples and their communities, States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate from the International Labour Organization Convention (No 169) concerning Indigenous and Tribal Peoples in Independent Countries and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. States and other parties should hold good faith consultation with indigenous peoples before initiating any investment project affecting the resources for which the communities hold rights. Such projects should be based on an effective and meaningful consultation with members of indigenous peoples as described in paragraph 9.9. The principles of consultation and participation of these Guidelines should be applied for investments that use the resources of other communities.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	8.2 2. States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integration; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to promote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments	12.8 States should determine with all affected parties, consistent with the principles of consultation and participation of these Guidelines, the conditions that promote responsible investments and then should develop and publicize policies and laws that encourage responsible investments, respect human rights, and promote food security and sustainable use of the environment. Laws should require agreements for investments to clearly define the rights and duties of all parties to the agreement. Agreements for investments should comply with national legal frameworks and investment codes	Right to a healthy environment	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	29 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to the conservation and protection of the environment and the productive capacity of their lands or territories and resources. States shall establish and implement assistance programmes for indigenous peoples for such conservation and protection, without discrimination. 2. States shall take effective measures to ensure that no storage or disposal of hazardous materials shall take place in the lands or territories of indigenous peoples without their free, prior and informed consent. 3. States shall also take effective measures to ensure, as needed, that programmes for monitoring, maintaining and restoring the health of indigenous peoples, as developed and implemented by the peoples affected by such materials, are duly implemented.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments		12.8 States should determine with all affected parties, consistent with the principles of consultation and participation of these Guidelines, the conditions that promote responsible investments and then should develop and publicize policies and laws that encourage responsible investments, respect human rights, and promote food security and sustainable use of the environment. Laws should require agreements for investments to clearly define the rights and duties of all parties to the agreement. Agreements for investments should comply with national legal frameworks and investment codes	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments		12.8 States should determine with all affected parties, consistent with the principles of consultation and participation of these Guidelines, the conditions that promote responsible investments and then should develop and publicize policies and laws that encourage responsible investments, respect human rights, and promote food security and sustainable use of the environment. Laws should require agreements for investments to clearly define the rights and duties of all parties to the agreement. Agreements for investments should comply with national legal frameworks and investment codes			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 12. Investments		12.8 States should determine with all affected parties, consistent with the principles of consultation and participation of these Guidelines, the conditions that promote responsible investments and then should develop and publicize policies and laws that encourage responsible investments, respect human rights, and promote food security and sustainable use of the environment. Laws should require agreements for investments to clearly define the rights and duties of all parties to the agreement. Agreements for investments should comply with national legal frameworks and investment codes			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
Ensure and respect the rule of law	Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 13. Land consolidation and other readjustment approaches	13.1 Where appropriate, States may consider land consolidation, exchanges or other voluntary approaches for the readjustment of parcels or holdings to assist owners and users to improve the layout and use of their parcels or holdings, including for the promotion of food security and rural development in a sustainable manner. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, and ensure that participants are at least as well off after the schemes compared with before. These approaches should be used to coordinate the preferences of multiple owners and users in a single legitimate readjustment.	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 13. Land consolidation and other readjustment approaches	13.1 Where appropriate, States may consider land consolidation, exchanges or other voluntary approaches for the readjustment of parcels or holdings to assist owners and users to improve the layout and use of their parcels or holdings, including for the promotion of food security and rural development in a sustainable manner. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, and ensure that participants are at least as well off after the schemes compared with before. These approaches should be used to coordinate the preferences of multiple owners and users in a single legitimate readjustment.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 13. Land consolidation and other readjustment approaches	13.1 Where appropriate, States may consider land consolidation, exchanges or other voluntary approaches for the readjustment of parcels or holdings to assist owners and users to improve the layout and use of their parcels or holdings, including for the promotion of food security and rural development in a sustainable manner. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, and ensure that participants are at least as well off after the schemes compared with before. These approaches should be used to coordinate the preferences of multiple owners and users in a single legitimate readjustment.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 13. Land consolidation and other readjustment approaches	13.1 Where appropriate, States may consider land consolidation, exchanges or other voluntary approaches for the readjustment of parcels or holdings to assist owners and users to improve the layout and use of their parcels or holdings, including for the promotion of food security and rural development in a sustainable manner. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, and ensure that participants are at least as well off after the schemes compared with before. These approaches should be used to coordinate the preferences of multiple owners and users in a single legitimate readjustment.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 13. Land consolidation and other readjustment approaches	13.1 Where appropriate, States may consider land consolidation, exchanges or other voluntary approaches for the readjustment of parcels or holdings to assist owners and users to improve the layout and use of their parcels or holdings, including for the promotion of food security and rural development in a sustainable manner. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, and ensure that participants are at least as well off after the schemes compared with before. These approaches should be used to coordinate the preferences of multiple owners and users in a single legitimate readjustment.	Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 13. Land consolidation and other readjustment approaches	13.1 Where appropriate, States may consider land consolidation, exchanges or other voluntary approaches for the readjustment of parcels or holdings to assist owners and users to improve the layout and use of their parcels or holdings, including for the promotion of food security and rural development in a sustainable manner. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, and ensure that participants are at least as well off after the schemes compared with before. These approaches should be used to coordinate the preferences of multiple owners and users in a single legitimate readjustment.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	28 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to redress, by means that can include restitution or, when this is not possible, just, fair and equitable compensation, for the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used, and which have been confiscated, taken, occupied, used or damaged without their free, prior and informed consent. 2. Unless otherwise freely agreed upon by the peoples concerned, compensation shall take the form of lands, territories and resources equal in quality, size and legal status or of monetary compensation or other appropriate redress.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 13. Land consolidation and other readjustment approaches	13.1 Where appropriate, States may consider land consolidation, exchanges or other voluntary approaches for the readjustment of parcels or holdings to assist owners and users to improve the layout and use of their parcels or holdings, including for the promotion of food security and rural development in a sustainable manner. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, and ensure that participants are at least as well off after the schemes compared with before. These approaches should be used to coordinate the preferences of multiple owners and users in a single legitimate readjustment.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.3 States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 13. Land consolidation and other readjustment approaches	13.1 Where appropriate, States may consider land consolidation, exchanges or other voluntary approaches for the readjustment of parcels or holdings to assist owners and users to improve the layout and use of their parcels or holdings, including for the promotion of food security and rural development in a sustainable manner. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, and ensure that participants are at least as well off after the schemes compared with before. These approaches should be used to coordinate the preferences of multiple owners and users in a single legitimate readjustment.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 13. Land consolidation and other readjustment approaches	13.1 Where appropriate, States may consider land consolidation, exchanges or other voluntary approaches for the readjustment of parcels or holdings to assist owners and users to improve the layout and use of their parcels or holdings, including for the promotion of food security and rural development in a sustainable manner. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, and ensure that participants are at least as well off after the schemes compared with before. These approaches should be used to coordinate the preferences of multiple owners and users in a single legitimate readjustment.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	8.2 2. States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integration; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to promote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law	Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 14. Restitution	14.1 Where appropriate, considering their national context, States should consider providing restitution for the loss of legitimate tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 14. Restitution	14.1 Where appropriate, considering their national context, States should consider providing restitution for the loss of legitimate tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.	Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 14. Restitution	14.1 Where appropriate, considering their national context, States should consider providing restitution for the loss of legitimate tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	28 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to redress, by means that can include restitution or, when this is not possible, just, fair and equitable compensation, for the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used, and which have been confiscated, taken, occupied, used or damaged without their free, prior and informed consent. 2. Unless otherwise freely agreed upon by the peoples concerned, compensation shall take the form of lands, territories and resources equal in quality, size and legal status or of monetary compensation or other appropriate redress.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 14. Restitution	14.1 Where appropriate, considering their national context, States should consider providing restitution for the loss of legitimate tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.3 States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 14. Restitution	14.1 Where appropriate, considering their national context, States should consider providing restitution for the loss of legitimate tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 14. Restitution	14.1 Where appropriate, considering their national context, States should consider providing restitution for the loss of legitimate tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	8.2 2. States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integration; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to promote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law	Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 15. Redistributive reforms	15.4 Where States choose to implement redistributive reforms, they should ensure that the reforms are consistent with their obligations under national and international law, and voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. Reforms should follow the rule of law and be implemented according to national laws and procedures. States should facilitate the development of consultations, consistent with the principles of these Guidelines, on the redistribution, including balancing the needs of all parties, and on the approaches to be used. Partnerships between the State; communities; civil society; the private sector; organizations of farmers and small-scale food producers, of fishers, and of forest users; and other parties should be developed. The financial and other contributions expected of beneficiaries should be reasonable and not leave them with unmanageable debt loads. Those who give up their tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests should receive equivalent payments without undue delay.	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 15. Redistributive reforms	15.4 Where States choose to implement redistributive reforms, they should ensure that the reforms are consistent with their obligations under national and international law, and voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. Reforms should follow the rule of law and be implemented according to national laws and procedures. States should facilitate the development of consultations, consistent with the principles of these Guidelines, on the redistribution, including balancing the needs of all parties, and on the approaches to be used. Partnerships between the State; communities; civil society; the private sector; organizations of farmers and small-scale food producers, of fishers, and of forest users; and other parties should be developed. The financial and other contributions expected of beneficiaries should be reasonable and not leave them with unmanageable debt loads. Those who give up their tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests should receive equivalent payments without undue delay.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 15. Redistributive reforms	15.4 Where States choose to implement redistributive reforms, they should ensure that the reforms are consistent with their obligations under national and international law, and voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. Reforms should follow the rule of law and be implemented according to national laws and procedures. States should facilitate the development of consultations, consistent with the principles of these Guidelines, on the redistribution, including balancing the needs of all parties, and on the approaches to be used. Partnerships between the State; communities; civil society; the private sector; organizations of farmers and small-scale food producers, of fishers, and of forest users; and other parties should be developed. The financial and other contributions expected of beneficiaries should be reasonable and not leave them with unmanageable debt loads. Those who give up their tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests should receive equivalent payments without undue delay.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 15. Redistributive reforms	15.4 Where States choose to implement redistributive reforms, they should ensure that the reforms are consistent with their obligations under national and international law, and voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. Reforms should follow the rule of law and be implemented according to national laws and procedures. States should facilitate the development of consultations, consistent with the principles of these Guidelines, on the redistribution, including balancing the needs of all parties, and on the approaches to be used. Partnerships between the State; communities; civil society; the private sector; organizations of farmers and small-scale food producers, of fishers, and of forest users; and other parties should be developed. The financial and other contributions expected of beneficiaries should be reasonable and not leave them with unmanageable debt loads. Those who give up their tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests should receive equivalent payments without undue delay.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 15. Redistributive reforms	15.4 Where States choose to implement redistributive reforms, they should ensure that the reforms are consistent with their obligations under national and international law, and voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. Reforms should follow the rule of law and be implemented according to national laws and procedures. States should facilitate the development of consultations, consistent with the principles of these Guidelines, on the redistribution, including balancing the needs of all parties, and on the approaches to be used. Partnerships between the State; communities; civil society; the private sector; organizations of farmers and small-scale food producers, of fishers, and of forest users; and other parties should be developed. The financial and other contributions expected of beneficiaries should be reasonable and not leave them with unmanageable debt loads. Those who give up their tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests should receive equivalent payments without undue delay.	Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 15. Redistributive reforms	15.4 Where States choose to implement redistributive reforms, they should ensure that the reforms are consistent with their obligations under national and international law, and voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. Reforms should follow the rule of law and be implemented according to national laws and procedures. States should facilitate the development of consultations, consistent with the principles of these Guidelines, on the redistribution, including balancing the needs of all parties, and on the approaches to be used. Partnerships between the State; communities; civil society; the private sector; organizations of farmers and small-scale food producers, of fishers, and of forest users; and other parties should be developed. The financial and other contributions expected of beneficiaries should be reasonable and not leave them with unmanageable debt loads. Those who give up their tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests should receive equivalent payments without undue delay.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	28 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to redress, by means that can include restitution or, when this is not possible, just, fair and equitable compensation, for the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used, and which have been confiscated, taken, occupied, used or damaged without their free, prior and informed consent. 2. Unless otherwise freely agreed upon by the peoples concerned, compensation shall take the form of lands, territories and resources equal in quality, size and legal status or of monetary compensation or other appropriate redress.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 15. Redistributive reforms	15.4 Where States choose to implement redistributive reforms, they should ensure that the reforms are consistent with their obligations under national and international law, and voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. Reforms should follow the rule of law and be implemented according to national laws and procedures. States should facilitate the development of consultations, consistent with the principles of these Guidelines, on the redistribution, including balancing the needs of all parties, and on the approaches to be used. Partnerships between the State; communities; civil society; the private sector; organizations of farmers and small-scale food producers, of fishers, and of forest users; and other parties should be developed. The financial and other contributions expected of beneficiaries should be reasonable and not leave them with unmanageable debt loads. Those who give up their tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests should receive equivalent payments without undue delay.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.3 States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 15. Redistributive reforms	15.4 Where States choose to implement redistributive reforms, they should ensure that the reforms are consistent with their obligations under national and international law, and voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. Reforms should follow the rule of law and be implemented according to national laws and procedures. States should facilitate the development of consultations, consistent with the principles of these Guidelines, on the redistribution, including balancing the needs of all parties, and on the approaches to be used. Partnerships between the State; communities; civil society; the private sector; organizations of farmers and small-scale food producers, of fishers, and of forest users; and other parties should be developed. The financial and other contributions expected of beneficiaries should be reasonable and not leave them with unmanageable debt loads. Those who give up their tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests should receive equivalent payments without undue delay.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 15. Redistributive reforms	15.4 Where States choose to implement redistributive reforms, they should ensure that the reforms are consistent with their obligations under national and international law, and voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. Reforms should follow the rule of law and be implemented according to national laws and procedures. States should facilitate the development of consultations, consistent with the principles of these Guidelines, on the redistribution, including balancing the needs of all parties, and on the approaches to be used. Partnerships between the State; communities; civil society; the private sector; organizations of farmers and small-scale food producers, of fishers, and of forest users; and other parties should be developed. The financial and other contributions expected of beneficiaries should be reasonable and not leave them with unmanageable debt loads. Those who give up their tenure rights to land, fisheries and forests should receive equivalent payments without undue delay.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	8.2 2. States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integration; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to promote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 15. Redistributive reforms	15.5 Where States choose to implement redistributive reforms, they should clearly define the objectives of reform programmes and indicate land exempted from such redistribution. The intended beneficiaries, such as families including those seeking homegardens, women, informal settlement residents, pastoralists, historically disadvantaged groups, marginalized groups, youth, indigenous peoples, gatherers and small-scale food producers, should be clearly defined.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 15. Redistributive reforms				15.5 Where States choose to implement redistributive reforms, they should clearly define the objectives of reform programmes and indicate land exempted from such redistribution. The intended beneficiaries, such as families including those seeking homegardens, women, informal settlement residents, pastoralists, historically disadvantaged groups, marginalized groups, youth, indigenous peoples, gatherers and small-scale food producers, should be clearly defined.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 15. Redistributive reforms				15.5 Where States choose to implement redistributive reforms, they should clearly define the objectives of reform programmes and indicate land exempted from such redistribution. The intended beneficiaries, such as families including those seeking homegardens, women, informal settlement residents, pastoralists, historically disadvantaged groups, marginalized groups, youth, indigenous peoples, gatherers and small-scale food producers, should be clearly defined.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 15. Redistributive reforms	15.9 States should implement redistributive reforms through transparent, participatory and accountable approaches and procedures. All affected parties should be accorded with due process and just compensation according to national law and the provisions of Section 16. All affected parties, including disadvantaged groups, should receive full and clear information on the reforms, including through gender-targeted messages. Beneficiaries should be selected through open processes, and they should receive secure tenure rights that are publicly recorded. Access to means of resolving disputes should be provided for under national law. States should endeavour to prevent corruption in redistributive reform programmes, particularly through greater transparency and participation.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 15. Redistributive reforms					15.9 States should implement redistributive reforms through transparent, participatory and accountable approaches and procedures. All affected parties should be accorded with due process and just compensation according to national law and the provisions of Section 16. All affected parties, including disadvantaged groups, should receive full and clear information on the reforms, including through gender-targeted messages. Beneficiaries should be selected through open processes, and they should receive secure tenure rights that are publicly recorded. Access to means of resolving disputes should be provided for under national law. States should endeavour to prevent corruption in redistributive reform programmes, particularly through greater transparency and participation.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 15. Redistributive reforms				15.9 States should implement redistributive reforms through transparent, participatory and accountable approaches and procedures. All affected parties should be accorded with due process and just compensation according to national law and the provisions of Section 16. All affected parties, including disadvantaged groups, should receive full and clear information on the reforms, including through gender-targeted messages. Beneficiaries should be selected through open processes, and they should receive secure tenure rights that are publicly recorded. Access to means of resolving disputes should be provided for under national law. States should endeavour to prevent corruption in redistributive reform programmes, particularly through greater transparency and participation.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 15. Redistributive reforms				15.9 States should implement redistributive reforms through transparent, participatory and accountable approaches and procedures. All affected parties should be accorded with due process and just compensation according to national law and the provisions of Section 16. All affected parties, including disadvantaged groups, should receive full and clear information on the reforms, including through gender-targeted messages. Beneficiaries should be selected through open processes, and they should receive secure tenure rights that are publicly recorded. Access to means of resolving disputes should be provided for under national law. States should endeavour to prevent corruption in redistributive reform programmes, particularly through greater transparency and participation.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples		19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 15. Redistributive reforms				15.9 States should implement redistributive reforms through transparent, participatory and accountable approaches and procedures. All affected parties should be accorded with due process and just compensation according to national law and the provisions of Section 16. All affected parties, including disadvantaged groups, should receive full and clear information on the reforms, including through gender-targeted messages. Beneficiaries should be selected through open processes, and they should receive secure tenure rights that are publicly recorded. Access to means of resolving disputes should be provided for under national law. States should endeavour to prevent corruption in redistributive reform programmes, particularly through greater transparency and participation.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 15. Redistributive reforms				15.9 States should implement redistributive reforms through transparent, participatory and accountable approaches and procedures. All affected parties should be accorded with due process and just compensation according to national law and the provisions of Section 16. All affected parties, including disadvantaged groups, should receive full and clear information on the reforms, including through gender-targeted messages. Beneficiaries should be selected through open processes, and they should receive secure tenure rights that are publicly recorded. Access to means of resolving disputes should be provided for under national law. States should endeavour to prevent corruption in redistributive reform programmes, particularly through greater transparency and participation.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples		32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
Ensure and respect the rule of law	Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 16. Expropriation and compensation	16.1 Subject to their national law and legislation and in accordance with national context, States should expropriate only where rights to land, fisheries or forests are required for a public purpose. States should clearly define the concept of public purpose in law, in order to allow for judicial review. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their national law as well as their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. They should respect all legitimate tenure right holders, especially vulnerable and marginalized groups, by acquiring the minimum resources necessary and promptly providing just compensation in accordance with national law	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law						Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 16. Expropriation and compensation	16.1 Subject to their national law and legislation and in accordance with national context, States should expropriate only where rights to land, fisheries or forests are required for a public purpose. States should clearly define the concept of public purpose in law, in order to allow for judicial review. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their national law as well as their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. They should respect all legitimate tenure right holders, especially vulnerable and marginalized groups, by acquiring the minimum resources necessary and promptly providing just compensation in accordance with national law	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 16. Expropriation and compensation	16.1 Subject to their national law and legislation and in accordance with national context, States should expropriate only where rights to land, fisheries or forests are required for a public purpose. States should clearly define the concept of public purpose in law, in order to allow for judicial review. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their national law as well as their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. They should respect all legitimate tenure right holders, especially vulnerable and marginalized groups, by acquiring the minimum resources necessary and promptly providing just compensation in accordance with national law	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 16. Expropriation and compensation	16.1 Subject to their national law and legislation and in accordance with national context, States should expropriate only where rights to land, fisheries or forests are required for a public purpose. States should clearly define the concept of public purpose in law, in order to allow for judicial review. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their national law as well as their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. They should respect all legitimate tenure right holders, especially vulnerable and marginalized groups, by acquiring the minimum resources necessary and promptly providing just compensation in accordance with national law				Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 16. Expropriation and compensation	16.1 Subject to their national law and legislation and in accordance with national context, States should expropriate only where rights to land, fisheries or forests are required for a public purpose. States should clearly define the concept of public purpose in law, in order to allow for judicial review. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their national law as well as their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. They should respect all legitimate tenure right holders, especially vulnerable and marginalized groups, by acquiring the minimum resources necessary and promptly providing just compensation in accordance with national law			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 16. Expropriation and compensation	16.1 Subject to their national law and legislation and in accordance with national context, States should expropriate only where rights to land, fisheries or forests are required for a public purpose. States should clearly define the concept of public purpose in law, in order to allow for judicial review. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their national law as well as their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. They should respect all legitimate tenure right holders, especially vulnerable and marginalized groups, by acquiring the minimum resources necessary and promptly providing just compensation in accordance with national law			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples		19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 16. Expropriation and compensation	16.1 Subject to their national law and legislation and in accordance with national context, States should expropriate only where rights to land, fisheries or forests are required for a public purpose. States should clearly define the concept of public purpose in law, in order to allow for judicial review. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their national law as well as their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. They should respect all legitimate tenure right holders, especially vulnerable and marginalized groups, by acquiring the minimum resources necessary and promptly providing just compensation in accordance with national law			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 16. Expropriation and compensation	16.1 Subject to their national law and legislation and in accordance with national context, States should expropriate only where rights to land, fisheries or forests are required for a public purpose. States should clearly define the concept of public purpose in law, in order to allow for judicial review. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their national law as well as their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. They should respect all legitimate tenure right holders, especially vulnerable and marginalized groups, by acquiring the minimum resources necessary and promptly providing just compensation in accordance with national law			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples		32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 16. Expropriation and compensation	16.1 Subject to their national law and legislation and in accordance with national context, States should expropriate only where rights to land, fisheries or forests are required for a public purpose. States should clearly define the concept of public purpose in law, in order to allow for judicial review. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their national law as well as their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. They should respect all legitimate tenure right holders, especially vulnerable and marginalized groups, by acquiring the minimum resources necessary and promptly providing just compensation in accordance with national law	Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 16. Expropriation and compensation	16.1 Subject to their national law and legislation and in accordance with national context, States should expropriate only where rights to land, fisheries or forests are required for a public purpose. States should clearly define the concept of public purpose in law, in order to allow for judicial review. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their national law as well as their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. They should respect all legitimate tenure right holders, especially vulnerable and marginalized groups, by acquiring the minimum resources necessary and promptly providing just compensation in accordance with national law			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	28 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to redress, by means that can include restitution or, when this is not possible, just, fair and equitable compensation, for the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used, and which have been confiscated, taken, occupied, used or damaged without their free, prior and informed consent. 2. Unless otherwise freely agreed upon by the peoples concerned, compensation shall take the form of lands, territories and resources equal in quality, size and legal status or of monetary compensation or other appropriate redress.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 16. Expropriation and compensation	16.1 Subject to their national law and legislation and in accordance with national context, States should expropriate only where rights to land, fisheries or forests are required for a public purpose. States should clearly define the concept of public purpose in law, in order to allow for judicial review. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their national law as well as their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. They should respect all legitimate tenure right holders, especially vulnerable and marginalized groups, by acquiring the minimum resources necessary and promptly providing just compensation in accordance with national law			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.3 States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 16. Expropriation and compensation	16.1 Subject to their national law and legislation and in accordance with national context, States should expropriate only where rights to land, fisheries or forests are required for a public purpose. States should clearly define the concept of public purpose in law, in order to allow for judicial review. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their national law as well as their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. They should respect all legitimate tenure right holders, especially vulnerable and marginalized groups, by acquiring the minimum resources necessary and promptly providing just compensation in accordance with national law			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties 16. Expropriation and compensation	16.1 Subject to their national law and legislation and in accordance with national context, States should expropriate only where rights to land, fisheries or forests are required for a public purpose. States should clearly define the concept of public purpose in law, in order to allow for judicial review. States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their national law as well as their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. They should respect all legitimate tenure right holders, especially vulnerable and marginalized groups, by acquiring the minimum resources necessary and promptly providing just compensation in accordance with national law			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	8.2 2. States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integration; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to promote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law	Administration of tenure 18. Valuation	18.3 States should develop policies and laws that encourage and require transparency in valuing tenure rights. Sale prices and other relevant information should be recorded, analysed and made accessible to provide a basis for accurate and reliable assessments of values.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
Ensure and respect the rule of law					Administration of tenure 18. Valuation	18.3 States should develop policies and laws that encourage and require transparency in valuing tenure rights. Sale prices and other relevant information should be recorded, analysed and made accessible to provide a basis for accurate and reliable assessments of values.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law					Administration of tenure 18. Valuation	18.3 States should develop policies and laws that encourage and require transparency in valuing tenure rights. Sale prices and other relevant information should be recorded, analysed and made accessible to provide a basis for accurate and reliable assessments of values.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Administration of tenure 18. Valuation	18.3 States should develop policies and laws that encourage and require transparency in valuing tenure rights. Sale prices and other relevant information should be recorded, analysed and made accessible to provide a basis for accurate and reliable assessments of values.	Right to self-determination	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	20 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to maintain and develop their political, economic and social systems or institutions, to be secure in the enjoyment of their own means of subsistence and development, and to engage freely in all their traditional and other economic activities. 2. Indigenous peoples deprived of their means of subsistence and development are entitled to just and fair redress.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Administration of tenure 18. Valuation	18.3 States should develop policies and laws that encourage and require transparency in valuing tenure rights. Sale prices and other relevant information should be recorded, analysed and made accessible to provide a basis for accurate and reliable assessments of values.			Right to self-determination	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	3 Indigenous peoples have the right to self-determination. By virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Administration of tenure 18. Valuation	18.3 States should develop policies and laws that encourage and require transparency in valuing tenure rights. Sale prices and other relevant information should be recorded, analysed and made accessible to provide a basis for accurate and reliable assessments of values.			Right to self-determination	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	4 Indigenous peoples, in exercising their right to self-determination, have the right to autonomy or self-government in matters relating to their internal and local affairs, as well as ways and means for financing their autonomous functions
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Administration of tenure 18. Valuation	18.3 States should develop policies and laws that encourage and require transparency in valuing tenure rights. Sale prices and other relevant information should be recorded, analysed and made accessible to provide a basis for accurate and reliable assessments of values.			Right to self-determination	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	5 Indigenous peoples have the right to maintain and strengthen their distinct political, legal, economic, social and cultural institutions, while retaining their right to participate fully, if they so choose, in the political, economic, social and cultural life of the State.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Administration of tenure 18. Valuation	18.4 States and other parties should develop and publicize national standards for valuation for governmental, commercial and other purposes. National standards should be consistent with relevant international standards. Training of staff should include methodologies and international standards.	Right to adequate housing	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Administration of tenure 18. Valuation				18.4 States and other parties should develop and publicize national standards for valuation for governmental, commercial and other purposes. National standards should be consistent with relevant international standards. Training of staff should include methodologies and international standards.	Right to adequate housing	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	21.1 Indigenous peoples have the right, without discrimination, to the improvement of their economic and social conditions, including, inter alia, in the areas of education, employment, vocational training and retraining, housing, sanitation, health and social security.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Administration of tenure 18. Valuation				18.4 States and other parties should develop and publicize national standards for valuation for governmental, commercial and other purposes. National standards should be consistent with relevant international standards. Training of staff should include methodologies and international standards.	Right to adequate housing	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	23 Indigenous peoples have the right to determine and develop priorities and strategies for exercising their right to development. In particular, indigenous peoples have the right to be actively involved in developing and determining health, housing and other economic and social programmes affecting them and, as far as possible, to administer such programmes through their own institutions.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Administration of tenure 18. Valuation		18.4 States and other parties should develop and publicize national standards for valuation for governmental, commercial and other purposes. National standards should be consistent with relevant international standards. Training of staff should include methodologies and international standards.	Right to development	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	23 Indigenous peoples have the right to determine and develop priorities and strategies for exercising their right to development. In particular, indigenous peoples have the right to be actively involved in developing and determining health, housing and other economic and social programmes affecting them and, as far as possible, to administer such programmes through their own institutions.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Administration of tenure 18. Valuation		18.4 States and other parties should develop and publicize national standards for valuation for governmental, commercial and other purposes. National standards should be consistent with relevant international standards. Training of staff should include methodologies and international standards.	Right to development		Right to development	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to determine and develop priorities and strategies for the development or use of their lands or territories and other resources. 2. States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources. 3. States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Administration of tenure 18. Valuation		18.4 States and other parties should develop and publicize national standards for valuation for governmental, commercial and other purposes. National standards should be consistent with relevant international standards. Training of staff should include methodologies and international standards.	Right to enjoy one's culture	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	25 Indigenous peoples have the right to maintain and strengthen their distinctive spiritual relationship with their traditionally owned or otherwise occupied and used lands, territories, waters and coastal seas and other resources and to uphold their responsibilities to future generations in this regard. see also the provision reported above under "right to land".
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Administration of tenure 18. Valuation		18.4 States and other parties should develop and publicize national standards for valuation for governmental, commercial and other purposes. National standards should be consistent with relevant international standards. Training of staff should include methodologies and international standards.	Right to enjoy one's culture		Right to enjoy one's culture	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	8 Indigenous peoples and individuals have the right not to be subjected to forced assimilation or destruction of their culture. 2. States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integration; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to promote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Administration of tenure 18. Valuation		18.4 States and other parties should develop and publicize national standards for valuation for governmental, commercial and other purposes. National standards should be consistent with relevant international standards. Training of staff should include methodologies and international standards.	Right to equality and non-discrimination	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	2 Indigenous peoples and individuals are free and equal to all other peoples and individuals and have the right to be free from any kind of discrimination, in the exercise of their rights, in particular that based on their indigenous origin or identity.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Administration of tenure 18. Valuation		18.4 States and other parties should develop and publicize national standards for valuation for governmental, commercial and other purposes. National standards should be consistent with relevant international standards. Training of staff should include methodologies and international standards.			Right to equality and non-discrimination	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	21.2 States shall take effective measures and, where appropriate, special measures to ensure continuing improvement of their economic and social conditions. Particular attention shall be paid to the rights and special needs of indigenous elders, women, youth, children and persons with disabilities.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Administration of tenure 18. Valuation		18.4 States and other parties should develop and publicize national standards for valuation for governmental, commercial and other purposes. National standards should be consistent with relevant international standards. Training of staff should include methodologies and international standards.			Right to equality and non-discrimination	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	22 1. Particular attention shall be paid to the rights and special needs of indigenous elders, women, youth, children and persons with disabilities in the implementation of this Declaration. 2. States shall take measures, in conjunction with indigenous peoples, to ensure that indigenous women and children enjoy the full protection and guarantees against all forms of violence and discrimination To be read also in conjunction with the provisions reported above under "right to land".
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Administration of tenure 18. Valuation		18.4 States and other parties should develop and publicize national standards for valuation for governmental, commercial and other purposes. National standards should be consistent with relevant international standards. Training of staff should include methodologies and international standards.			Right to equality and non-discrimination	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	44 All the rights and freedoms recognized herein are equally guaranteed to male and female indigenous individuals.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Administration of tenure 18. Valuation		18.4 States and other parties should develop and publicize national standards for valuation for governmental, commercial and other purposes. National standards should be consistent with relevant international standards. Training of staff should include methodologies and international standards.	Right to land	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Administration of tenure 18. Valuation		18.4 States and other parties should develop and publicize national standards for valuation for governmental, commercial and other purposes. National standards should be consistent with relevant international standards. Training of staff should include methodologies and international standards.			Right to land	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	26 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned, occupied or otherwise used or acquired. 2. Indigenous peoples have the right to own, use, develop and control the lands, territories and resources that they possess by reason of traditional ownership or other traditional occupation or use, as well as those which they have otherwise acquired. 3. States shall give legal recognition and protection to these lands, territories and resources. Such recognition shall be conducted with due respect to the customs, traditions and land tenure systems of the indigenous peoples concerned
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Administration of tenure 18. Valuation		18.4 States and other parties should develop and publicize national standards for valuation for governmental, commercial and other purposes. National standards should be consistent with relevant international standards. Training of staff should include methodologies and international standards.			Right to land	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	27 States shall establish and implement, in conjunction with indigenous peoples concerned, a fair, independent, impartial, open and transparent process, giving due recognition to indigenous peoples’ laws, traditions, customs and land tenure systems, to recognize and adjudicate the rights of indigenous peoples pertaining to their lands, territories and resources, including those which were traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used. Indigenous peoples shall have the right to participate in this process.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Administration of tenure 18. Valuation		18.4 States and other parties should develop and publicize national standards for valuation for governmental, commercial and other purposes. National standards should be consistent with relevant international standards. Training of staff should include methodologies and international standards.			Right to land	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Administration of tenure 18. Valuation		18.4 States and other parties should develop and publicize national standards for valuation for governmental, commercial and other purposes. National standards should be consistent with relevant international standards. Training of staff should include methodologies and international standards.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Administration of tenure 18. Valuation		18.4 States and other parties should develop and publicize national standards for valuation for governmental, commercial and other purposes. National standards should be consistent with relevant international standards. Training of staff should include methodologies and international standards.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Administration of tenure 18. Valuation		18.4 States and other parties should develop and publicize national standards for valuation for governmental, commercial and other purposes. National standards should be consistent with relevant international standards. Training of staff should include methodologies and international standards.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
Ensure and respect the rule of law		Administration of tenure 18. Valuation		18.4 States and other parties should develop and publicize national standards for valuation for governmental, commercial and other purposes. National standards should be consistent with relevant international standards. Training of staff should include methodologies and international standards.	Right to take part in cultural life	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	25 Indigenous peoples have the right to maintain and strengthen their distinctive spiritual relationship with their traditionally owned or otherwise occupied and used lands, territories, waters and coastal seas and other resources and to uphold their responsibilities to future generations in this regard. see also the provision reported above under "right to land".
Ensure and respect the rule of law	Responses to climate change and emergencies 24. Natural disasters	24.2 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. All parties should act, taking into consideration relevant international principles, including as appropriate the United Nations principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (“Pinheiro Principles”), and the Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response.	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Responses to climate change and emergencies 24. Natural disasters	24.2 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. All parties should act, taking into consideration relevant international principles, including as appropriate the United Nations principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (“Pinheiro Principles”), and the Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Responses to climate change and emergencies 24. Natural disasters	24.2 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. All parties should act, taking into consideration relevant international principles, including as appropriate the United Nations principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (“Pinheiro Principles”), and the Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Responses to climate change and emergencies 24. Natural disasters	24.2 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. All parties should act, taking into consideration relevant international principles, including as appropriate the United Nations principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (“Pinheiro Principles”), and the Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Responses to climate change and emergencies 24. Natural disasters	24.2 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. All parties should act, taking into consideration relevant international principles, including as appropriate the United Nations principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (“Pinheiro Principles”), and the Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response.	Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Responses to climate change and emergencies 24. Natural disasters	24.2 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. All parties should act, taking into consideration relevant international principles, including as appropriate the United Nations principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (“Pinheiro Principles”), and the Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	28 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to redress, by means that can include restitution or, when this is not possible, just, fair and equitable compensation, for the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used, and which have been confiscated, taken, occupied, used or damaged without their free, prior and informed consent. 2. Unless otherwise freely agreed upon by the peoples concerned, compensation shall take the form of lands, territories and resources equal in quality, size and legal status or of monetary compensation or other appropriate redress.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Responses to climate change and emergencies 24. Natural disasters	24.2 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. All parties should act, taking into consideration relevant international principles, including as appropriate the United Nations principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (“Pinheiro Principles”), and the Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.3 States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Responses to climate change and emergencies 24. Natural disasters	24.2 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. All parties should act, taking into consideration relevant international principles, including as appropriate the United Nations principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (“Pinheiro Principles”), and the Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Responses to climate change and emergencies 24. Natural disasters	24.2 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments. All parties should act, taking into consideration relevant international principles, including as appropriate the United Nations principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (“Pinheiro Principles”), and the Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	8.2 2. States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integration; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to promote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law	Responses to climate change and emergencies 25. Conflicts in respect to tenure of land, fisheries and forests	25.2 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate those of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its Protocol, and the United Nations Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (“Pinheiro Principles”). During and after conflicts States should respect applicable international humanitarian law related to legitimate tenure rights.	Right to equality before courts and tribunals and to a fair trial	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Responses to climate change and emergencies 25. Conflicts in respect to tenure of land, fisheries and forests	25.2 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate those of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its Protocol, and the United Nations Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (“Pinheiro Principles”). During and after conflicts States should respect applicable international humanitarian law related to legitimate tenure rights.	Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	18 Indigenous peoples have the right to participate in decision-making in matters which would affect their rights, through representatives chosen by themselves in accordance with their own procedures, as well as to maintain and develop their own indigenous decision-making institutions
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Responses to climate change and emergencies 25. Conflicts in respect to tenure of land, fisheries and forests	25.2 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate those of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its Protocol, and the United Nations Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (“Pinheiro Principles”). During and after conflicts States should respect applicable international humanitarian law related to legitimate tenure rights.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	19 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free, prior and informed consent before adopting and implementing legislative or administrative measures that may affect them.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Responses to climate change and emergencies 25. Conflicts in respect to tenure of land, fisheries and forests	25.2 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate those of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its Protocol, and the United Nations Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (“Pinheiro Principles”). During and after conflicts States should respect applicable international humanitarian law related to legitimate tenure rights.			Right to participation	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.2 States shall consult and cooperate in good faith with the indigenous peoples concerned through their own representative institutions in order to obtain their free and informed consent prior to the approval of any project affecting their lands or territories and other resources, particularly in connection with the development, utilization or exploitation of mineral, water or other resources.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Responses to climate change and emergencies 25. Conflicts in respect to tenure of land, fisheries and forests	25.2 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate those of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its Protocol, and the United Nations Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (“Pinheiro Principles”). During and after conflicts States should respect applicable international humanitarian law related to legitimate tenure rights.	Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	10 Indigenous peoples shall not be forcibly removed from their lands or territories. No relocation shall take place without the free, prior and informed consent of the indigenous peoples concerned and after agreement on just and fair compensation and, where possible, with the option of return.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Responses to climate change and emergencies 25. Conflicts in respect to tenure of land, fisheries and forests	25.2 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate those of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its Protocol, and the United Nations Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (“Pinheiro Principles”). During and after conflicts States should respect applicable international humanitarian law related to legitimate tenure rights.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	28 1. Indigenous peoples have the right to redress, by means that can include restitution or, when this is not possible, just, fair and equitable compensation, for the lands, territories and resources which they have traditionally owned or otherwise occupied or used, and which have been confiscated, taken, occupied, used or damaged without their free, prior and informed consent. 2. Unless otherwise freely agreed upon by the peoples concerned, compensation shall take the form of lands, territories and resources equal in quality, size and legal status or of monetary compensation or other appropriate redress.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Responses to climate change and emergencies 25. Conflicts in respect to tenure of land, fisheries and forests	25.2 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate those of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its Protocol, and the United Nations Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (“Pinheiro Principles”). During and after conflicts States should respect applicable international humanitarian law related to legitimate tenure rights.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	32.3 States shall provide effective mechanisms for just and fair redress for any such activities, and appropriate measures shall be taken to mitigate adverse environmental, economic, social, cultural or spiritual impact.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Responses to climate change and emergencies 25. Conflicts in respect to tenure of land, fisheries and forests	25.2 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate those of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its Protocol, and the United Nations Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (“Pinheiro Principles”). During and after conflicts States should respect applicable international humanitarian law related to legitimate tenure rights.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	40 Indigenous peoples have the right to access to and prompt decision through just and fair procedures for the resolution of conflicts and disputes with States or other parties, as well as to effective remedies for all infringements of their individual and collective rights. Such a decision shall give due consideration to the customs, traditions, rules and legal systems of the indigenous peoples concerned and international human rights.
Ensure and respect the rule of law			Responses to climate change and emergencies 25. Conflicts in respect to tenure of land, fisheries and forests	25.2 States should ensure that all actions are consistent with their existing obligations under national and international law, and with due regard to voluntary commitments under applicable regional and international instruments, including as appropriate those of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its Protocol, and the United Nations Principles on Housing and Property Restitution for Refugees and Displaced Persons (“Pinheiro Principles”). During and after conflicts States should respect applicable international humanitarian law related to legitimate tenure rights.			Right to remedy	UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples	8.2 2. States shall provide effective mechanisms for prevention of, and redress for: (a) Any action which has the aim or effect of depriving them of their integrity as distinct peoples, or of their cultural values or ethnic identities; (b) Any action which has the aim or effect of dispossessing them of their lands, territories or resources; (c) Any form of forced population transfer which has the aim or effect of violating or undermining any of their rights; (d) Any form of forced assimilation or integration; (e) Any form of propaganda designed to promote or incite racial or ethnic discrimination directed against them.

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